MARTIAL ARTS OF THE JINGWU ASSOCIATION

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技擊
JINGWU MARTIAL ARTS
[Part Three of 精武本紀 The Annals of Jingwu, published Dec, 1919]

[translation by Paul Brennan, Dec, 2019]

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技擊
[PART THREE] OUR MARTIAL ARTS

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☉運動會紀　陳鐵生
OUR ATHLETIC MEETS by Chen Tiesheng

[THE 1st GRADUATION CEREMONY]

本會每年於秋季舉行技擊畢業禮。並於是日運動。第一屆在民國元年十月二十七日於王家宅第二會址前。操塲中搭蓋演武臺。來賓數千人圍繞而觀。先由會長袁恆之先生報告一切。次由各會員教員運動。有
Every autumn, the Jingwu Association holds a Martial Arts Graduation Ceremony, and for that occasion there are performances given. The 1st Graduation Ceremony was held on Oct 27, 1912, at our second location in the Wang Family Neighborhood. In the middle of the sports ground, we had a stage built on which to perform martial arts. There were several thousand visitors watching from all around it. First there was a speech given by Jingwu Association president Yuan Hengzhi, and then these performances were given by various members and instructors:

劉日暄劉冠山甯竹亭浦闊亭演潭脮上六路。
[1] Liu Rixuan, Liu Guanshan, Ning Zhuting, and Pu Kuoting: first six lines of Tantui
徐人龍演穿拳節拳上半路。
[2] Xu Renlong: Piercing Fists, first half of Articulated Boxing
李國基李良友雙演工力拳。
[3] Li Guoji & Li Liangyou: a tandem performance of Gongli Boxing
陳抱一演溜脚勢。
[4] Chen Baoyi: Swinging Kicks
袁孫演工力拳。
[5] Yuan Sun: Gongli Boxing
姚蟾伯演八卦刀穿拳。
[6] Yao Chanbo: Eight-Trigrams Saber, Piercing Fists
周浩如演節拳下半路。
[7] Zhou Haoru: second half of Articulated Boxing
王維藩黎惠生演接潭腿。
[8] Wang Weifan & Li Huisheng: Two-Person Tantui
何慶滔演大戰。
[9] He Qingtao: Large-Scale Fight
劉扆臣演金剛拳雙刀。
[10] Liu Yichen: Arhat Boxing, Double Sabers
徐柏堂演羣羊棍靑龍拳。
[11] Xu Botang: Shepherd’s Staff, Blue Dragon Boxing
邱亮演十字戰春秋刀。
[12] Qiu Liang: Cross-Shaped Fight, Spring & Autumn Halberd
高堯夫胡允昌演合戰。
[13] Gao Yaofu & Hu Yunchang: Cooperative Fight
陳公哲演節拳。
[14] Chen Gongzhe: Articulated Boxing
李迪初演八卦刀脫戰。
[15] Li Dichu: Eight-Trigrams Saber, Escaping-Techniques Fight
盧煒昌演短戰五虎槍。
[16] Lu Weichang: Low-Posture Fight, Fifth Tiger’s Spear
平雪士演軟鞭。
[17] Ping Xueshi: Soft Whip
黎惠生演六合刀。
[18] Li Huisheng: Liuhe Saber
李佩然演溜脚勢。
[19] Li Peiran: Swinging Kicks
邱亮陳公哲演紮拳。
[20] Qiu Liang & Chen Gongzhe: Tying Boxing
王維藩演練手拳。
[21] Wang Weifan: Handwork-Training Set
徐振漢演穿拳。
[22] Xu Zhenhan: Piercing Fists
王煥文演大戰。
[23] Wang Huanwen: Large-Scale Fight
李迪初陳公哲演紮拳。
[24] Li Dichu & Chen Gongzhe: Tying Boxing

次由各教員。運動。並有廣東山東浙江湖南各技擊家表演武技。五時散會。是屆開會前後數天皆大雨滂沱。惟二十七則靑天白日。大放光明。誠可喜也。
There were then more demonstrations given by various instructors, as well as by various masters visiting from Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Hunan. The event concluded at 5pm. Whenever we hold such gatherings, there is usually pouring rain, but on that particular occasion there happened to be a clear sky and it was a gratifyingly sunny day.

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[THE 2nd GRADUATION CEREMONY]

第二屆畢業禮在民國三年十一月八日。仍於王家宅舊會址舉行。當時刋有運動表如下。
The 2nd Graduation Ceremony was held on Nov 8, 1914, again at the Wang Family Neighborhood location. For that occasion, the list of performances was printed as a program, listing the performances in this way:

尹鶴林　四潭腿接潭脮　金剛拳
[1] Yin Helin: Four-Line Tantui, Two-Person Tantui, Arhat Boxing
劉扆臣　大刀戰槍　對槍　雙鐧　提爐槍　黑虎拳
[2] Liu Yichen: Large Saber Versus Spear, Two-Person Spear, Double Maces, Furnace-Sparking Spear, Black Tiger Boxing
孫榮軒　四潭脮　八卦刀
[3] Sun Rongxuan: Four-Line Tantui, Eight-Trigrams Saber
浦闊亭　四潭腿　五虎拳
[4] Pu Kuoting: Four-Line Tantui, Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set
陳公哲　太祖拳　方天㦸　三節棍對槍　夜戰槍　對手八卦刀　靑龍拳　合戰下半　大刀戰槍　雙刀串槍　春秋大刀
[5] Chen Gongzhe: Taizu Boxing, Crescent Moons Halberd, Three-Section Staff Versus Spear, Night-Battle Spear, Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber, Blue Dragon Boxing, Second half of Cooperative Fight, Large Saber Versus Spear, Double Sabers Versus Spear, Spring & Autumn Halberd
劉日暄　四潭腿　八卦刀
[6] Liu Rixuan: Four-Line Tantui, Eight-Trigrams Saber
李迪初　脫戰　練手拳
[7] Li Dichu: Escaping-Techniques Fight, Handwork-Training Set
鄭灼辰　四工力拳　露花刀　紥拳　金剛拳　擋步搥　套拳
[8] Zheng Zhuochen: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Glistening-Flower Saber, Tying Boxing, Arhat Boxing, Advance-Halting Boxing, Trapping Boxing
黎惠生　刀拐戰槍　合戰上半　八折拳　攔門槍　露花刀　對八卦刀
[9] Li Huisheng: Saber & Cane Versus Spear, First half of Cooperative Fight, Eight-Turnings Boxing, Gate-Blocking Spear, Glistening-Flower Saber, Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber
馮蘭皋　四工力拳　雙刀　紥拳　大戰上半
[10] Feng Lan’gao: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Double Sabers, Tying Boxing, first half of Large-Scale Fight
黃漢佳　四工力拳　套拳
[11] Huang Hanjia: Gongli Boxing, Trapping Boxing
馮鐵魂　四工力拳
[12] Feng Tiehun: Four-Line Gongli Boxing
陳洪鈞　羣羊棍　節拳　穿拳　二關西拳　紥拳
[13] Chen Jongjun: Shepherd’s Staff, Articulated Boxing, Piercing Fists, Second set of Western-Pass Boxing, Tying Boxing,
盧煒昌　大戰下半　春秋大刀　刀拐戰槍　合戰下半　大刀戰槍　雙刀串槍　五虎槍　雙鈎　節拳
[14] Lu Weichang: second half of Large-Scale Fight, Spring & Autumn Halberd, Saber & Cane Versus Spear, Second half of Cooperative Fight, Large Saber Versus Spear, Double Sabers Versus Spear, Fifth Tiger’s Spear, Double Hooks, Articulated Boxing
徐人龍　穿拳　八卦刀
[15] Xu Renlong: Piercing Fists, Eight-Trigrams Saber
陳善　套拳
[16] Chen Shan: Trapping Boxing
姚蟾伯　軟鞭　五虎架　三節棍對槍　單刀串槍　達摩劍　大刀戰槍　對手八卦刀　空手奪槍　虎頭鈎
[17] Yao Chanbo: Soft Whip, Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set, Three-Section Staff Versus Spear, Single Saber Versus Spear, Damo Sword, Large Saber Versus Spear, Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber, Empty-Hand Versus Spear, Tiger Head Hooks
王麐生　七步短打　硬搥
[18] Wang Linsheng: Seven-Steps Short Fighting, Hard-Hammer Boxing
陳敏　二關西拳　套拳
[19] Chen Min: Second set of Western-Pass Boxing, Trapping Boxing
甯竹亭　對八卦刀　擋步搥　合戰上半　雙刀　紥拳　單刀串槍
[20] Ning Zhuting: Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber, Advance-Halting Boxing, First half of Cooperative Fight, Double Sabers, Tying Boxing, Single Saber Versus Spear
王英章　工力拳
[21] Wang Yingzhang: Gongli Boxing
翁耀衡　溜脚勢
[22] Weng Yaoheng: Swinging Kicks
王寶鏡　套拳
[23] Wang Baojing: Trapping Boxing
周樹聲　節拳
[24] Zhou Shusheng: Articulated Boxing
黃漢昭　工力拳
[25] Huang Hanzhao: Gongli Boxing
邱亮　十字戰　短戰
[26] Qiu Liang: Cross-Shaped Fight, Low-Posture Fight
陳白濤　六合刀　劈山刀
[27] Chen Baitao: Liuhe Saber, Mountain-Chopping Saber
包雲祥　春秋刀
[28] Bao Yunxiang: Spring & Autumn Halberd
周芹如　二路練手拳
[29] Zhou Qinru: Second half of Handwork-Training Set
唐瑞華　小紥拳
[30] Tang Ruihua: Small Tying Boxing

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[THE 3rd GRADUATION CEREMONY]

四年。會衆因前兩屆在操塲開運動會。來賓與會員。皆感擠擁之苦。遂決賃法租。界之民興新劇社。（卽歌舞臺）為運動塲。於十一月二十一日午後一時半舉行。第三屆畢業禮。其運動表如下。
In 1915, because the first two Jingwu Association athletic meets had been held on a sports ground, causing the guests and members to feel uncomfortably crowded, we therefore decided to hire a theater in the French Concession run by the People’s Prosperity New Opera Troupe (having a stage for musical performances) to take the place of the sports ground [thereby enabling spectators to sit evenly spaced in seats]. The 3rd Graduation Ceremony was held on Nov 21 at 1:30pm. The performances for the occasion are listed below.

開會次序
Program:

一開會
1. Beginning the event
二報告
2. Announcements
三演說
3. Speeches
四運動
4. Performances
五給憑
5. Giving diplomas to students
六來賓運動
6. Guest performances
七教員會員運動
7. Performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
八閉幕
8. Concluding the event

會員運動科目
List of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

李國荃　雙鐧戰槍　紅字拳　齊眉棍
[1] Li Guoquan: Double Maces Versus Spear, Red-Mark Boxing, Eyebrow-Height Staff
王麐生　燕氏扣　春秋刀　劈面刀
[2] Wang Linsheng: Yan’s Trapping Techniques, Spring & Autumn Halberd, Face-Chopping Saber
金光曜　四工力拳　金剛拳　撩襠拳
[3] Jin Guangyao: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Arhat Boxing, Uppercuts-to-the-Groin Boxing
劉飛熊　四工力拳　套拳　小紮拳
[4] Liu Feixiong: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Trapping Boxing, Small Tying Boxing
李迪初　練手拳　齊眉棍　八折
[5] Li Dichu: Handwork-Training Set, Eyebrow-Height Staff, Eight-Turnings Boxing
陳洪鈞　八折拳　羣羊棍　紥拳
[6] Chen Jongjun: Eight-Turnings Boxing, Shepherd’s Staff, Tying Boxing
孫弘　大掃子　提鑪刀　摑耳棍
[7] Sun Hong: Two-Section Staff, Furnace-Sparking Saber, Ear-Slapping Staff
費實秋　套拳　摑耳棍　夜戰解腕刀
[8] Fei Shiqiu: Trapping Boxing, Ear-Slapping Staff, Night-Battle Spear, Wrist-Cutting Saber
黃漢佳　紥拳　穿拳　溜脚式
[9] Huang Hanjia: Tying Boxing, Piercing Fists, Swinging Kicks
徐振漢　三步槍　靑龍拳
[10] Xu Zhenhan: Three-Steps Spear, Blue Dragon Boxing
沈季修　齊眉棍　頭路刀
[11] Shen Jixiu: Eyebrow-Height Staff, Basic Saber Set
林逸雲　八極拳　露花槍
[12] Lin Yiyun: Baji Boxing, Glistening-Flower Spear
陳國衡　雙鐧戰槍　二路拳
[13] Chen Guoheng: Double Maces Versus Spear, Two-Line Boxing Set
葉棣瑄　工力拳　八折
[14] Ye Dixuan: Gongli Boxing, Eight-Turnings Boxing
翁耀衡　羣羊棍　紮拳
[15] Weng Yaoheng: Shepherd’s Staff, Tying Boxing
徐人龍　節拳　八卦刀
[16] Xu Renlong: Articulated Boxing, Eight-Trigrams Saber
徐勁行　練手拳　溜脚勢
[17] Xu Jinxing: Handwork-Training Set, Swinging Kicks
陳漢卿　愛中拳　齊眉棍
[18] Chen Hanqing: Target-Loving Boxing, Eyebrow-Height Staff
張英甫　撲拳　盤花刀
[19] Zhang Yingfu: Pouncing Boxing, Coil & Flourish Saber
陳白濤　六合刀　劈山刀
[20] Chen Baitao: Liuhe Saber, Mountain-Chopping Saber
王寶鏡　關西拳　五虎拳
[21] Wang Baojing: Western-Pass Boxing, Fifth Tiger’s Boxing
包雲祥　春秋刀　靑龍拳
[22] Bao Yunxiang: Spring & Autumn Halberd, Blue Dragon Boxing
秦公望　八卦刀　溜脚式
[23] Qin Gongwang: Eight-Trigrams Saber, Swinging Kicks
過輝　節拳　套拳
[24] Guo Hui: Articulated Boxing, Trapping Boxing
周瀚恩　小紥拳　露花刀
[25] Zhou Han’en: Small Tying Boxing, Glistening-Flower Saber
周芹如　下路練手拳
[26] Zhou Qinru: second half of Handwork-Training Set
吳耀之　上路練手拳
[27] Wu Yaozhi: first half of Handwork-Training Set
劉冠山　工力拳
[28] Liu Guanshan: Gongli Boxing
孫榮軒　金剛拳
[29] Sun Rongxuan: Arhat Boxing
李偉卿　工力拳
[30] Li Weiqing: Gongli Boxing
鄭灼辰　露花刀　二郎拳　五虎槍　擋步搥　對手刀　三節棍　六潭腿
[31] Zheng Zhuochen: Glistening-Flower Saber, Second Son’s Boxing Set, Fifth Tiger’s Spear, Advance-Halting Boxing, Two-Person Saber, Three-Section Staff, Six-Line Tantui
劉扆臣　黑虎拳　雙鐧　大刀戰槍　雙拐戰槍　刀拐戰槍　六潭腿
[32] Liu Yichen: Black Tiger Boxing, Double Maces, Large Saber Versus Spear, Double Canes Versus Spear, Saber & Cane Versus Spear, Six-Line Tantui
孫毓庭　四工力拳　套拳　練手拳　八折
[33] Sun Yuting: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Trapping Boxing, Handwork-Training Set, Eight-Turnings Boxing
邱亮　短戰　雙刺　十字戰　八折
[34] Qiu Liang: Low-Posture Fight, Double Needles, Cross-Shaped Fight, Eight-Turnings Boxing
馮蘭皋　六合刀　小紥拳　大戰　合戰
[35] Feng Lan’gao: Liuhe Saber, Small Tying Boxing, Large-Scale Fight, Cooperative Fight
甯竹亭　六潭腿　擋步搥　對手刀　三節棍　九節軟鞭　醉八仙　雙刀　虎頭鈎　雙腿插　串子　紥拳
[36] Ning Zhuting: Six-Line Tantui, Advance-Halting Boxing, Two-Person Saber, Three-Section Staff, Nine-Section Soft Whip, Drunken Eight Immortals, Double Sabers, Tiger-Head Hooks, Double-Kicks Charging, “String of Beads” [a two-person set], Tying Boxing
陳公哲　盤龍棍　對大刀　大刀戰槍　掃子戰槍　開門豹　雙刀戰槍　對手槍　六潭腿　太祖拳　方天戟　攔門鈌
[37] Chen Gongzhe: Coiling-Dragon Staff, Two-Person Large Saber, Large Saber Versus Spear, Two-Section Staff Versus Spear, Gate-Opening Leopard, Double Sabers versus Spear, Two-Person Spear, Six-Line Tantui, Taizu Boxing, Crescent Moons Halberd, Gate-Blocking Lance.
姚蟾伯　盤龍棍　對大刀　大刀戰槍　掃子戰槍　開門豹　單刀槍　空手奪槍　少林拳　達摩劍　六潭腿
[38] Yao Chanbo: Coiling-Dragon Staff, Two-Person Large Saber, Large Saber Versus Spear, Two-Section Staff Versus Spear, Gate-Opening Leopard, Single Saber Versus Spear, Empty-Hand Versus Spear, Shaolin Boxing, Damo Sword, Six-Line Tantui
盧煒昌　大刀槍　雙拐戰槍　拐刀戰槍　串子　大刀　雙刀戰槍　槍戰槍　六潭腿　夜戰槍
[39] Lu Weichang: Large Saber Versus Spear, Double Canes Versus Spear, Saber & Cane Versus Spear, String of Beads, Large Saber, Double Sabers versus Spear, Spear Versus Spear, Six-Line Tantui, Night-Battle Spear
浦闊亭　四工力拳　雙腿插　合戰　脫戰　燕氏刀　抱月刀　五虎拳
[40] Pu Kuoting: Four-Line Gongli Boxing, Double-Kick Charging, Cooperative Fight, Escaping-Techniques Fight, Yan Qing’s Single Saber, Moon-Embracing Saber, Fifth Tiger’s Boxing
黃天星　工力拳
[41] Huang Tianxing: Gongli Boxing
尹鶴林　大槍
[42] Yin Helin: Large Spear
黃善祥　對齊眉棍
[43] Huang Shanxiang: Two-Person Eyebrow-Height Staff

☉啓事
Announcements:

一本會歷年舉行運動因會塲坐位不多且來賓多有站立觀看致阻礙后來者之視綫同人憾焉今座位旣多就坐者無事請勿起立免紊秩序
1. The Jingwu Association holds an athletic meet every year. Due to insufficient seating, there have often been guests who were standing to watch the performances, consequently blocking the view of other guests, which we deeply regret. This year there are more seats provided, therefore please stay seated and do not stand, so as to not interfere with the view of the performances.

二本會授藝首重潭腿無論個人團體或孩童均無不宜良以其手法多步武穩而更饒實用祇區區十二路而於精氣神三者皆能貫澈且絲毫無悖夫生理洵初學之階梯入藝之基礎也此次以口令指揮亦以表其適用於團體教授耳至若由簡入繁漸形劇烈此由精神之作用使然初非同人所及料然同人每日練習亦僅半小時而獲益乃至不可覼縷技擊之功用亦神矣哉
2. The Jingwu Association teaches Tantui first of all. It is suitable for everyone, whether taught individually or to groups, or to children. With its many hand techniques and stable footwork, it is very practical. Although comprised of a mere twelve lines, it is capable of fully expressing the three components of essence, energy, and spirit, and does not violate physiological principles in any way. It is truly the stepping stone for beginners, the foundation for learning these arts. It is initially taught by way of verbal commands for the sake of group instruction. It goes from the simple to the complex, the postures gradually becoming more strenuous, until finally its actions are driven entirely by spirit. If beginners do not manage to understand this material, and a half hour of daily practice is all it takes, then they will never be qualified to explain martial applications. This shows just how important it is.

三本會運動員襟綴雙星者為四年畢業生單星者為二年畢業生無星者為初級修業生其表演亦各如其所詣之程度以成參差之姿勢希閱者諒之
3. Jingwu Association members have stars stitched onto their jackets. Two stars indicates a four-year graduate, one star indicates a two-year graduate, and no star indicates a beginning student. Each performer can only perform at the level he is at, and we hope you will pardon any differences in the quality of the postures.

四本會會員有甯竹亭者一年以來從無一日告假其恆心毅力誠有足多者舊歲徇各會員之請準其提前畢業亦創舉也茲特製金牌獎之藉為會員矜式甯君於工課商業外尚能以餘暇擔任惜陰公會技擊教授勤勵不息甯君有焉
4. Jingwu Association member Ning Zhuting has gone a full year without asking for a day of leave, truly a man of perseverance and stamina. Many of the older members had been requesting that he be acknowledged for his efforts long before he became an advanced-level graduate. He will receive a specially-made gold medal to serve as a model for other members. Beyond his schoolwork and his job, Ning has still been able to find time to assume the role of martial arts instructor for the Precious-Time Public Association Secondary School. He sets a great example of tireless hard work.

五發給畢業文憑后為各省及各學校來賓運動此為本會介紹各派技擊於閱者之成例凡斯道名家均可登檯表演藉一洗從前囿於一家之積習而有以發揮各派造詣之精華來賓運動后殿以本會教員等之運動
5. After giving the graduates their diplomas, there will be guest performances from various schools in various provinces. This is an opportunity for the Jingwu Association to introduce other styles of martial arts to spectators. Masters are invited to climb onto the stage and perform, washing off the former custom of secrecy in these arts to instead celebrate the achievements of other styles. After the guest performances, there will be performances from Jingwu instructors.

六來賓如欲泡茶可給價倩社內茶房為之但須出於自愿如茶房有強逼等事請卽拒絕或訴之本會招待員
6. If guests want tea, they need only tell their waiter, but if the waiter is already busy with another task, they can also tell an usher.

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[THE 4th GRADUATION CEREMONY]

是為本會在劇塲舉行畢業禮之始。五年乃技擊高級會員畢業之初次。假十六鋪新舞臺舊址之鳳鳴茶園為運動塲。十一月五日舉行。來賓中有孫逸仙博士。演說。力言技擊之有益於身體。且言科學昌明。長槍大礮必有失恃之日。勗國人以必須致力於技擊云云。先生為醫學博士。其言皆在科學上負責任者也。此為第四屆畢業。運動表如左。
The Jingwu Association held its 4th Graduation Ceremony in an opera theater, borrowing the new-style stage [a curved stage creating a more panoramic view, also involving modern lighting and multi-level seating] of the Shiliupu Theater, at the former address of the Phoenix Cry Theater, for the occasion. Taking place on Nov 5, the 1916 ceremony was the first to include martial arts graduates at the advanced level. Among the guests were Sun Yixian [i.e. “Yat-sen”], who gave a speech full of potent words about how martial arts are good for the body. He also talked about how science is flourishing, and that even though rifles and cannons have now outclassed the old weapons, our countrymen must nevertheless dedicate themselves to training in martial arts. Being a Doctor of Medicine, his words are imbued with a strong scientific awareness. The performances for the 4th Graduation Ceremony are listed below.

次序
Program:

一奏樂
1. Music
二開會
2. Beginning the event
三報告
3. Announcements
四演說
4. Speeches
五會員第一節運動
5. First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
六給憑
6. Giving diplomas to students
七武技說明
7. Explanations of martial skills
八旅滬廣東小學中華鐵路學堂運動
8. Special performances by children from the Guangdong Primary School of Shanghai & the Chinese Railroad School
九教員會員第二節運動
9. Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
十閉幕
10. Concluding the event

第一節會員運動表
First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

一　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　鄭灼辰　盧煒昌　四潭腿
1. Yao Chanbo, Chen Gongzhe, Zheng Zhuochen, Lu Weichang: Four-Line Tantui
二　郭建霄　黃鳴岐　吳耀之　周傑生　四工力拳
2. Guo Jianxiao, Huang Mingqi, Wu Yaozhi, Zhou Jiesheng: Four-Line Gongli Boxing
三　黎惠生　溜脚勢
3. Li Huisheng: Swinging Kicks
四　甯竹亭　南派　醉溜膛
4. Ning Zhuting: Drunken-Stumbling-Around-the-Hall (a southern style)
五　林逸雲　露花槍
5. Lin Yiyun: Glistening-Flower Spear
六　孫毓庭　金剛耀　接潭腿　上六路
6. Sun Yuting & Jin Guangyao: first six lines of Two-Person Tantui
七　陳漢欽　南派　十八技
Chen Hanqin: Eighteen Techniques (a southern style)
八　費實秋　解腕刀
8. Fei Shiqiu: Wrist-Cutting Saber
九　邱亮　黎惠生　對齊眉
9. Qiu Liang & Li Huisheng: Two-Person Eyebrow-Height Staff
十　姚蟾伯　五虎架
10. Yao Chanbo: Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set
十一　鄭灼辰　露花刀
11. Zheng Zhuochen: Glistening-Flower Saber
十二　劉扆臣　黑虎拳
12. Liu Yichen: Black Tiger Boxing
十三　金光曜　羣羊棍
13. Jin Guangyao: Sheep-Herding Staff
十四　周錫三　翁達方　套拳
14. Zhou Xisan & Weng Dafang: Trapping Boxing
十五　盧煒昌　南派　十八技
15. Lu Weichang: Eighteen Techniques (a southern style)
十六　張勤益　南派　金槍手
16. Zhang Qinyi: Golden-Spear Hands (a southern style)
十七　黎惠生　大刀
17. Li Huisheng: Large Saber
十八　姚蟾伯　南派教員　孫贊軒　南派　紅操
18. Yao Chanbo (a southern styles instructor) & Sun Zanxuan: Hong’s Techniques (a southern style)
十九　張倬卿　脫戰
19. Zhang Zhuoqing: Escaping-Techniques Fight
二十　鄭灼辰　短戰
20. Zheng Zhuochen: Low-Posture Fight
二十一　劉扆臣　提爐鎗
21. Liu Yichen: Furnace-Sparking Spear
二十二　翁耀衡　黃漢佳　擋步搥
22. Weng Yaoheng & Huang Hanjia: Advance-Halting Boxing
二十三　陳公哲　大戰上
23. Chen Gongzhe: first half of Large-Scale Fight
二十四　馮蘭皋　大戰下
24. Feng Lan’gao: second half of Large-Scale Fight
二十五　陳公哲　太祖拳
25. Chen Gongzhe: Taizu Boxing
二十六　黎惠生　雙刺
26. Li Huisheng: Double Needles
二十七　陳國衡　南派　小梅花拳
27. Chen Guoheng: Small Plum-Blossom Boxing (a southern style)
二十八　姚蟾伯　鄭灼辰　空手鎗
28. Yao Chanbo & Zheng Zhuochen: Empty-Hand Versus Spear
二十九　邱亮　撩擋拳
29. Qiu Liang: Uppercuts-to-the-Groin Boxing
三十　盧煒昌　五虎鎗
30. Lu Weichang: Fifth Tiger’s Spear
三十一　費實秋　孫弘　提爐刀
31. Fei Shiqiu & Sun Hong: Furnace-Sparking Spear
三十二　林逸雲　獨臂拳
32. Lin Yiyun: One-Armed Boxing
三十三　甯竹亭　雙刀
33. Ning Zhuting: Double Sabers
三十四　教員李振江　浦闊亭　雙刺戰鎗
34. Instructor Li Zhenjiang [Liancun] & Pu Kuoting: Double Needles Versus Spear
三十五　費實秋　插拳
35. Fei Shiqiu: Charging Punches
三十六　黎惠生　南派　梅花槍
36. Li Huisheng: Plum Blossom Spear (a southern style)
三十七　陳公哲　銅鈌
37. Chen Gongzhe: Bronze Lance
三十八　劉扆臣　盧煒昌　大刀戰鎗
38. Liu Yichen & Lu Weichang: Large Saber Versus Spear
三十九　黃漢佳　五虎拳
39. Huang Hanjia: Fifth Tiger’s Boxing
四十　姚蟾伯　雙座鈎
40. Yao Chanbo: Double Hooks
四十一　沈季修　陳國衡　二郎棍
41. Shen Jixiu & Chen Guoheng: Second Son’s Staff
四十二　浦闊亭　少林拳
42. Pu Kuoting: Shaolin Boxing
四十三　孫毓庭　八卦刀
43. Sun Yuting: Eight-Trigrams Saber
四十四　霍東閣　黎惠生　風雷棍
44. Huo Dongge & Li Huisheng: Wind & Thunder Staff
四十五　李國荃　雄字拳
45. Li Guoquan: Hero Boxing
四十六　張英甫　盤花刀
46. Zhang Yingfu: Coil & Flourish Saber
四十七　鄭灼辰　甯竹亭　三節棍
47. Zheng Zhuochen & Ning Zhuting: Three-Section Staff
四十八　黎惠生　齊眉棍
48. Li Huisheng: Eyebrow-Height Staff
四十九　陳世俊　黑虎拳
49. Chen Shijun: Black Tiger Boxing
五十　劉扆臣　盧煒昌　刀拐串鎗
50. Liu Yichen & Lu Weichang: Saber & Cane Versus Spear
五十一　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　對大刀
51. Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe: Two-Person Large Saber

第二節教員會員運動表　教員單獨運動未錄
Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members (not including extra performances that instructors will add in as they please):

一　甯竹亭　子孫丹
1. Ning Zhuting: Ancestral Elixir
二　盧煒昌　臥地豹
2. Lu Weichang: Crouching Panther
三　姚蟾伯　綈袍劍
3. Yao Chanbo: Silk-Robe Sword
四　翁達方　小紥拳
4. Weng Dafang: Small Tying Boxing
五　黎惠生　達摩劍
5. Li Huisheng: Damo Sword
六　沈季修　練手拳
6. Shen Jixiu: Handwork-Training Set
七　費實秋　孫弘　摑耳棍
7. Fei Shiqiu, Sun Hong: Ear-Slapping Staff
八　盧煒昌　六合刀
8. Lu Weichang: Liuhe Saber
九　周傑生　小紥拳
9. Zhou Jiesheng: Small Tying Boxing
十　馮鐵魂　大戰上
10. Feng Tiehun: first half of Large-Scale Fight
十一　黎惠生　雙鐧
11. Li Huisheng: Double Maces
十二　陳漢欽　兪耀堃　雙工力拳
12. Chen Hanqin & Yu Yaokun: Two-Person Gongli Boxing
十三　陳國衡　南派　中劈刀
13. Chen Guoheng: Center-Chopping Saber (a southern style)
十四　費實秋　孫弘　串子
14. Fei Shiqiu & Sun Hong: String of Beads
十五　周錫三　翁達方　接潭腿下六
15. Zhou Xisan & Weng Dafang: last six lines of Two-Person Tantui
十六　金光曜　金剛拳
16. Jin Guangyao: Arhat Boxing
十七　翁耀衡　劈山刀
17. Weng Yaoheng: Mountain-Chopping Saber
十八　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　大刀串鎗
Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe: Large Saber Versus Spear
十九　馮蘭皋　擋拳
19. Feng Lan’gao: Blocking Boxing
二十　盧煒昌　南派　金箍棍
20. Lu Weichang: Gold-Banded Staff (a southern style)
二十一　劉扆臣　黎惠生　紥拳
21. Liu Yichen & Li Huisheng: Tying Boxing
二十二　黃善祥　靑龍拳
22. Huang Shanxiang: Blue Dragon Boxing
二十三　孫弘　鴨嘴拐
23. Sun Hong: Duck-Beak Cane
二十四　鄭灼辰　甯竹亭　合戰
24. Zheng Zhuochen & Ning Zhuting: Cooperative Fight
二十五　陳善　金剛拳
25. Chen Shan: Arhat Boxing
二十六　黎惠生　節拳鞭
26. Li Huisheng: Articulated Boxing
二十七　姚蟾伯　教員趙振羣　單刀戰鎗
27. Yao Chanbo & instructor Zhao Zhenqun [Lianhe]: Single Saber Versus Spear
二十八　邱亮　粵派　太極拳
28. Qiu Liang: “Taiji” Boxing (a southern style)
二十九　陳公哲　九節鞭
29. Chen Gongzhe: Nine-Section Whip
三十　薛鞏初　南派　小梅花拳
Xue Gongchu: Small Plum-Blossom Boxing (a southern style)
三十一　教員李振江　浦闊亭　雙掃戰鎗
31. Instructor Li Zhenjiang [Liancun] & Pu Kuoting: Two-Section Staff Versus Spear
三十二　翁耀衡　擋拳
32. Weng Yaoheng: Blocking Boxing
三十三　黎惠生　頭路　劈山刀
33. Li Huisheng: first line of Mountain-Chopping Saber
三十四　劉扆臣　盧煒昌　雙拐串鎗
34. Liu Yichen & Lu Weichang: Double Canes Versus Spear
三十五　馮鐵魂　脫戰
35. Feng Tiehun: Escaping-Techniques Fight
三十六　林逸雲　劈山刀
36. Lin Yiyun: Mountain-Chopping Saber
三十七　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　猴拳
37. Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe: Monkey Boxing
三十八　周燧　八折拳
38. Zhou Sui: Eight-Turnings Boxing
三十九　黎惠生　雙刀
39. Li Huisheng: Double Sabers
四十　甯竹亭　浦闊亭　空手奪雙匕
40. Ning Zhuting & Pu Kuoting: Empty-Hand Versus Double Daggers
四十一　孫毓庭　節拳
41. Sun Yuting: Articulated Boxing
四十二　翁耀衡　羣羊棍
42. Weng Yaoheng: Sheep-Herding Staff
四十三　馮鐵魂　金光曜　套拳
43. Feng Tiehun & Jin Guangyao: Trapping Boxing
四十四　張英甫　撲拳
44. Zhang Yingfu: Pouncing Boxing
四十五　盧煒昌　虎頭鈎
45. Lu Weichang: Tiger Head Hooks
四十六　劉扆臣　黎惠生　對手槍
46. Liu Yichen & Li Huisheng: Two-Person Spear
四十七　陳善　穿拳
47. Chen Shan: Piercing Fists
四十八　浦闊亭　雙八卦
48. Pu Kuoting: Double Eight-Trigrams Sabers
四十九　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　虎頭鈎串槍
49. Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe: Tiger Head Hooks Versus Spear
五十　林逸雲　醉八仙
50. Lin Yiyun: Drunken Eight Immortals
五十一　黎惠生　方天㦸
51. Li Huisheng: Crescent Moons Halberd
五十二　鄭灼辰　甯竹亭　開門豹
52. Zheng Zhuochen & Ning Zhuting: Gate-Opening Leopard
五十三　黃漢佳　關西拳
53. Huang Hanjia: Western-Pass Boxing
五十四　浦闊亭　燕靑刀
54. Pu Kuoting: Yan Qing’s Single Saber
五十五　盧煒昌　陳公哲　雙刀串鎗
55. Lu Weichang & Chen Gongzhe: Double Sabers Versus Spear
五十六　葉棣瑄　節拳
56. Ye Dixuan: Articulated Boxing
五十七　姚蟾伯　教員趙振羣　空手奪刀
57. Yao Chanbo & instructor Zhao Lianhe: Empty-Hand Versus Saber
五十八　黎惠生　夜戰鎗
58. Li Huisheng: Night-Battle Spear
五十九　孫弘　大掃子
59. Sun Hong: Two-Section Staff
六十　鄭灼辰　甯竹亭　對八卦刀
60. Zheng Zhuochen & Ning Zhuting: Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber
六十一　邱亮　春秋刀
61. Qiu Liang: Spring & Autumn Halberd
六十二　姚蟾伯　陳公哲　盤龍棍
62. Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe: Coiling-Dragon Staff

☉啓事
Announcements:

（一）本會授藝首重潭腿蓋有深意爰以本會從經歷中所得之效驗略舉一二以為介紹蓋潭腿一門手法旣多步武穩固一技有一技之精華一技有一技之實用熟而習之不特後來練習各技迎刃而解且使精神氣力日見增加操練時旣能各個運動卽合百十人為團體亦可以口令指揮繁簡咸宜長幼可習苟能略分暇晷日以半小時為度則其精神體魄已獲無窮利益矣體育一事動關家國願大衆同注意焉
1. The Jingwu Association teaches Tantui first of all, for it has deep meaning and the experience of learning it brings excellent results. Let us briefly introduce a few of its qualities. The art of Tantui has many hand techniques and stable footwork. Each technique is exquisite and practical. Once it has been trained to the point of skill, not only will all of the techniques learned later make sense, it will also cause spirit and strength to increase each day. It can be drilled movement by movement in groups of over a hundred people. Because it can be taught by way of verbal commands, it is suitable for both large groups or small, and it can be practiced by both young and old alike. If you can find time to practice it for a half hour every day, then both mind and body will obtain endless benefit. Physical education is something relevant in both the home and the nation as a whole. We hope that the masses will give it more attention.

（二）本會此次開會特加武技論釋一門誠以武技銷沈日久今始重見萌蘖竊欲以種種方法引人入勝務使國人腦海中咸知道為強身衞國之根本然技擊術無論徒手器械在普通人眼中幾於千手雷同最難引起觀者之興味此次特於技擊各類擇要解釋其實用法冀償普及技擊之素願匪云藉以炫人也
2. During this year’s graduation, there will be a special addition of demonstrations of martial techniques. Having worked on these techniques for so long, they have now blossomed into something impressive indeed. We hope that this variety of maneuvers will fascinate the audience and help our countrymen understand that this is the foundation for strengthening the body and defending the nation. Martial arts practice sets, whether using empty hands or weapons, can often perceived by ordinary people as being just the same kind of movements happening over and over again, making it more difficult to inspire the interest of onlookers by such means. But this year there will be explanations of the practical application of individual techniques, which we hope will do a better job of fulfilling our long-cherished wish of popularizing martial arts, for we are not here simply to entertain you.

（三）本會運動員襟綴三星者為六年畢業學員雙星者四年畢業單星者兩年畢業無星者為初級修業員各個表演只能各如其所詣之程度因成參差之姿勢惟希閱者諒焉
3. Jingwu Association members have stars stitched onto their jackets. Three stars indicates a six-year graduate, two stars indicates a four-year graduate, one star indicates a two-year graduate, and no star indicates a beginning student. Each performer can only perform at the level he is at, and we hope you will pardon any differences in the quality of the postures.

（三）技擊畢業名單（另錄）
3b. The year’s list of martial arts graduates (is shown further below).

（四）會員中有一年以來從未請假者恆心毅力頗有足多本會特獎金牌俾為會員矜式此次得金牌中之沈季修君尤為苦心孤詣勇往向前特著片言以勗同學（特獎金牌者）沈季修陳公哲鄭灼辰陳國衡黃漢佳黃善祥陳漢欽
4. Members who have gone a full year without asking for a day of leave have shown themselves to have extra perseverance and stamina. The Jingwu Association will award them with gold medals so that they may serve as an example for other members. Among the recipients this year is Shen Jixiu, who is especially hardworking, has made remarkable progress, and has specially written a few words of encouragement for his fellow students. Gold medals will also be presented to: Chen Gongzhe, Zheng Zhuochen, Chen Guoheng, Huang Hanjia, Huang Shanxiang, and Chen Hanqin.

（五）本會會員陳公哲姚蟾伯盧煒昌黃漢佳曾於今年國慶日同乘自由車作旅行以數小時間同抵蘇州同人等以此舉有益體育公送銀盃一具以為紀念
5. Jingwu Association members Chen Gongzhe, Yao Chanbo, Lu Weichang, and Huang Hanjia spent this year’s National Day [Oct 10] driving themselves by car to Suzhou, a journey which took them many hours. As we consider this to be a physically demanding undertaking, we will present them with a silver cup to commemorate their adventure. [It is amusing to us now that a trip like this would be considered to have such a level of ordeal. The notion that someone could be given an award for successfully driving the distance from Chicago to Milwaukee, or London to Brighton, or Paris to Rouen, has become utterly absurd.]

此屆最精彩者為技擊說明一節。來賓鼓掌之聲如春雷轟耳。從前來賓。只如看武戲。我之如何着勁。如何巧妙。彼不知也。自有此次之說明。而門外漢亦懂得一二。彼江湖派與劇塲中之伎倆盡露矣。是節盧煒昌任說明者。夫以煒昌平日之規行矩步。今日忽而伶牙利齒。口角春風。人固不可以皮相也。吾謂此一節。感動來賓不少。後來之發達。此一塲說明。有大力焉。廣東小學之髫齡學生。服制一如本會。操潭腿。非常齊整而有精神。譽者聲震屋瓦。學界之觀感不淺矣。姚蟾伯陳公哲鄭灼辰雖任教授之勞覩此亦足自慰哉。翌日。上海中西報紙。皆有評論。多獎勵語。亦佳象也。從前會員運動。每多雷同。是屆以後。力祛此弊。
The best part of this year’s graduation turned out to be the demonstrations of martial arts applications, for which the guests gave thunderous applause. Guests who had attended the previous occasions had only seen performances of martial arts sets, and so they had no idea of how our techniques were actually to be applied and the ingenuity of them. But this time there were demonstrations to give the laymen a proper understanding of some of these techniques and to make them aware that what they have witnessed street performers doing or seen performed on stage in Chinese opera are really just tricks for showing off. Lu Weichang was in charge of these demonstrations. Usually very formal, he suddenly became a very casual speaker, so endearing him to the audience that they connected more deeply with the material he was presenting. I felt that these demonstrations inspired many of the guests and left them wanting more, bringing a fantastic energy to the event.
　　Children from Guangdong Primary School who had been taught the same material as is used in the Jingwu Association itself performed Tantui, which they did in superb synchronization and also with plenty of spirit. The applause shook the roof tiles and even those in academic circles were greatly impressed. Yao Chanbo, Chen Gongzhe, and Zheng Zhuochen had already gone through the labor of teaching the children, and yet their performance exceeded their expectations.
　　The next day, Shanghai’s Chinese and Western newspapers all reviewed the occasion with many encouraging words, judging the whole thing to have been splendidly impressive. The graduating students had started out merely imitating the movements of others, but now that they have graduated, they show a sense of breaking free of such limitations and are expressing more from within themselves.

–

[THE 5th GRADUATION CEREMONY]

第五屆技擊畢業。在民國六年之十一月二十五日是屆鑒於前此之擠壅。特賃四千座位之大舞臺。然擠壅如故也。開始時。由最久任之會董袁恆之君報告一切情節。本會教練之學校日多。須節省會員之運動時間。俾各學校學生。得貢所學於社會。故本會高級會員。亦略有休息時矣。今年有技擊術軍用實施法一門。用技擊手法。施於火槍上刺刀之對敵。及刺刀與指揮刀交戰。最新式而受國內外來賓之歡迎。來賓中有耳語予曰。曷弗繪圖立說。以餉國人。予曰。其如鄰有矮竊何。開會之翌日。國文報紙。多獎借語。卽英人之字林報。美人之大陸報。皆表同情。字林於會醫林錦華之科學證明。尤多贊美。大陸報。長篇大論。紀載更詳。
The 5th Martial Arts Graduation Ceremony was held on Nov 25, 1917. It was even more crowded than the previous graduations. We specially rented a four-thousand seat arena, but it was still absolutely packed. At the start the ceremony, the earliest Association director Yuan Hengzhi made a speech about everything the graduates had gone through to get this point, also explaining that there were now so many schools which Jingwu Association instructors had been teaching at that it would be necessary to cut down the performance times for all members in order for the students of each of the schools to able to demonstrate what they had learned so far, which would consequently also give the higher-level members a slight rest period.
　　During this year’s graduation, there was a demonstration of martial arts techniques for army use, performing the most modern iteration of applied martial arts techniques with two-person bayonet fighting and bayonet versus sword. While welcoming guests both domestic and foreign, one of them whispered in my ear: “Why are there no drawings of these techniques in order to share these ideas to our fellow countrymen?” To which I replied: “Why are you being like a neighbor with a secret?”
　　The day after the gathering, the Chinese language newspapers noted many instances of loanwords being used during the occasion, such as the Englishmen mentioning “Lin” or the way the Americans were using “continent”, which were both intended in their own way as a means of commiseration. The mentioning of “Lin” had to with praising Dr. Lin Jinhua’s scientific credentials, while “continent” was being used as a metaphor for the scope and detail of Yuan’s speech.

秩序
Program:

（一）奏樂（本會音樂部）
1. Music is playing (by the Jingwu Association’s own music department)
（二）開會
2. Beginning the event
（三）報告
3. Speeches
（四）運動
4. Performances
（五）給憑
5. Giving diplomas to students
（六）同源各團體運動
6. Group performances of Jingwu material by various schools:
甲復旦公學
a. Fudan Public School
乙中華鐵路學校
b. Chinese Railroad School
丙恆豐紗廠
c. Enduring Abundance Cotton Mill
丁德大紗廠
d. Virtuous Greatness Cotton Mill
戊競存學校
e. Competition-for-Survival Secondary School
己培德學校
f. Developing Virtue Primary School
庚愛國女學
g. Patriotic Girls’ School
辛廣東小學
h. Guangdong Primary School
壬澄衷中學
i. Chengzhong Secondary School
癸倉聖明智大學
j. Warehouse-of-Wisdom College
子嶺南中學
k. Lingnan Secondary School
丑本會女子模範團
l. The Jingwu Exemplary Women Team
（七）技擊術運用實施法解釋
7. Demonstration of effective applications of martial arts
（八）技擊術之生理表示
8. Demonstration of the physiological principles of martial arts
（九）運動
9. Performances
（十）閉幕
10. Concluding the event

教員會員第一節運動表
First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

一　操脫戰　黃癡　黃蔭生　潘文植　黎永錦　黃鳴岐　梁少田　鄭禮卿
1. Escaping-Techniques Fight: Huang Chi, Huang Yinsheng, Pan Wenzhi, Li Yongjin, Huang Mingqi, Liang Shaotian, Zheng Liqing
二　伏虎拳　呂啓明
2. Taming-Tiger Boxing: Lü Qiming
三　操五虎槍　姚蟾伯　盧煒昌　陳公哲　鄭灼辰
3. Fifth Tiger’s Spear: Yao Chanbo, Lu Weichang, Chen Gongzhe, Zheng Zhuochen
四　天罡手　沈金泰
4. Big-Dipper Hands: Shen Jintai
五　露花槍　周燧
5. Glistening-Flower Spear: Zhou Sui
六　插拳　翁耀衡
6. Charging Punches: Weng Yaoheng
七　二郎刀　劉日暄
7. Second Son’s Saber: Liu Rixuan
八　套拳　周錫三　翁達方
8. Trapping Boxing: Zhou Xisan & Weng Dafang
九　溜脚勢　潘文植
9. Swinging Kicks: Pan Wenzhi
十　八卦刀　王松齡
10. Eight-Trigrams Saber: Wang Songling
十一　接潭腿　甯竹亭　黎惠生
11. Two-Person Tantui: Ning Zhuting & Li Huisheng
十二　雙刺　薛鞏初
12. Double Needles: Xue Gongchu
十三　練手拳　李維新
13. Handwork-Training Set: Li Weixin
十四　脫銬　盧煒昌
14. Breaking Manacles: Lu Weichang
十五　對手齊眉棍　邱亮　沈季修
15. Two-Person Eyebrow-Height Staff: Qiu Liang & Shen Jixiu
十六　臥地豹　陳世俊
16. Crouching Panther: Chen Shijun
十七　縱撲刀　張勤益
17. Leap & Pounce Halberd: Zhang Qinyi
十八　踴步捶　教員葉鳳墀　浦闊亭
18. Leaping-Steps Boxing: instructor Ye Fengchi & Pu Kuoting
十九　雙鐧　劉扆臣
19. Double Maces: Liu Yichen
二十　醉溜膛　寗竹亭
20. Ning Zhuting: Drunken-Stumbling-Around-the-Hall
二十一　刀拐串槍　沈季修　陳國衡
21. Saber & Cane Versus Spear: Shen Jixiu & Chen Guoheng
二十二　靑龍拳　黃善祥
22. Blue Dragon Boxing: Huang Shanxiang
二十三　板櫈　翁達方
23. Wooden Bench: Weng Dafang
二十四　虎頭鈎串槍　鄭灼辰　陳世俊
24. Tiger Head Hooks Versus Spear: Zheng Zhuochen & Chen Shijun
二十五　十八技　陳公哲
25. Eighteen Techniques: Chen Gongzhe
二十六　達摩劍　姚蟾伯
26. Damo Sword: Yao Chanbo
二十七　串子　盧煒昌　甯竹亭
27. String of Beads: Lu Weichang & Ning Zhuting
二十八　五虎架　黃漢佳
28. Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set: Huang Hanjia
二十九　春秋刀　陳善
29. Spring & Autumn Halberd: Chen Shan
三十　雙刀串槍　沈季修　陳鐵生
30. Double Sabers Versus Spear: Shen Jixiu & Chen Tiesheng
三十一　子孫丹　馮鐵魂
31. Ancestral Elixir: Feng Tiehun
三十二　雙掃子串槍　教員李蓮村　浦闊亭
32. Two-Section Staff Versus Spear: instructor Li Liancun & Pu Kuoting
三十三　梅花雙舌槍　曾啟文
33. Plum Blossom Double-Tongued Spear: Zeng Qiwen
三十四　雙斧　盧煒昌
34. Double Axes: Lu Weichang
三十五　猴拳　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
35. Monkey Boxing: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
三十六　空手奪槍　教員趙振羣　鄭灼辰
36. Empty-Hand Versus Spear: instructor Zhao Lianhe & Zheng Zhuochen

教員會員第二節運動表
Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

一　工力拳　李逢生
1. Gongli Boxing: Li Fengsheng
二　八寶刀　黃鳴岐
2. Eight Treasures Saber: Huang Mingqi
三　蔣手　黃蔭生
3. Jiang’s Hand Techniques: Huang Yinsheng
四　羣羊棍　李國荃
4. Sheep-Herding Staff: Li Guoquan
五　小紥拳　王漢禮
5. Small Tying Boxing: Wang Hanli
六　太極大刀　黎惠生
6. Taiji Halberd: Li Huisheng
七　攔門鈌　曾啟文
7. Gate-Blocking Lance: Zeng Qiwen
八　擋步埵　黃維慶　陳敬讓
8. Advance-Halting Boxing: Huang Weiqing & Chen Jingrang
九　露花刀　黃漢佳
9. Glistening-Flower Saber: Huang Hanjia
十　八極拳　周燧
10. Baji Boxing: Zhou Sui
十一　雙拐串槍　沈季修　陳國衡
11. Double Canes Versus Spear: Shen Jixiu & Chen Guoheng
十二　蛾眉刺　姚蟾伯
12. Emei Needle: Yao Chanbo
十三　關西拳　周俊生
13. Western-Pass Boxing: Zhou Junsheng
十四　戰槍　甯竹亭　鄭灼辰
14. Two-Person Spear: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
十五　穿拳　陳善
15. Piercing Fists: Chen Shan
十六　抱月刀　翁耀衡
16. Moon-Embracing Saber: Weng Yaoheng
十七　合戰　金光耀　馮鐵魂
17. Cooperative Fight: Jin Guangyao & Feng Tiehun
十八　提爐刀　費實秋
18. Furnace-Sparking Spear: Fei Shiqiu
十九　金剛拳　郭健霄
19. Arhat Boxing: Guo Jianxiao
二十　黃操　教員孫贊軒　陳世俊
20. Huang’s Techniques: instructor Sun Zanxuan & Chen Shijun
二十一　五郎棍　盧煒昌
21. Fifth Son’s Staff: Lu Weichang
二十二　金翦槍及空手奪刀　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
22. Golden-Scissors Spear, Empty-Hand Versus Saber: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
二十三　二郎拳　馮蘭皋
23. Second Son’s Boxing Set: Feng Lan’gao
二十四　綈袍劍　黎惠生
24. Silk-Robe Sword: Li Huisheng
二十五　對手八卦刀　甯竹亭　鄭灼辰
25. Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
二十六　節拳　葉衍鴻
26. Articulated Boxing: Ye Yanhong
二十七　提爐槍　劉扆臣
27. Furnace-Sparking Spear: Liu Yichen
二十八　玄靈杖串槍　姚蟾伯　盧煒昌
28. Dark-Magic Cane Versus Spear: Yao Chanbo & Lu Weichang
二十九　太極拳　邱亮
29. Taiji Boxing: Qiu Liang
三十　九節鞭　陳公哲
30. Nine-Section Whip: Chen Gongzhe
三十一　紥拳　葉子華　葉衍鴻
31. Tying Boxing: Ye Zihua & Ye Yanhong
三十二　對手五郎棍　費實秋　翁耀衡
32. Two-Person Fifth Son’s Staff: Fei Shiqiu & Weng Yaoheng
三十三　四六拳　葉棣瑄
33. Four-Six Boxing: Ye Dixuan
三十四　對槍　黎惠生　劉扆辰
34. Two-Person Spear: Li Huisheng & Liu Yichen
三十五　開門豹　甯竹亭　鄭灼辰
35. Gate-Opening Leopard: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
三十六　盤龍棍　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
36. Coiling-Dragon Staff: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe

☉啓事
Announcements:

（一）本會以喚起國人尚武精神改鑄國人體魄為宗旨所授所習咸取有裨實用平易近人務使不論老幼練一日卽得一日之長練一技卽有一技之興趣今以運動塲中來賓衆多特添入武技解釋一門將技擊術中之徒手器械各種用法擇要說明且以吾國舊傳之槍法刀法改施於軍用刺刀指揮刀俾知技擊術之無往不宜更添生理表示一門從醫學生理上表出人身強弱之大原因此節猶關緊要須知積民成國人身之強弱卽國家興亡所由繫焉同人等以為欲救國先強種強種之法究竟當取何道迄未得一定論自本會開辦以來會員中有以孱弱病夫不逾年而轉為健者有以五十衰翁不逾年而轉為壯漢亦已數見不鮮有會員某君已在中年未習技擊以前所得之兒女軀體皆弱不勝衣習技數年後再得之兒女壯健無倫同人等因以上種種經歷乃得一正確之定論蓋欲強種必使中國人人皆習技擊卽強種之第一法門也本會同人自問於名利兩途最無興味然以堂堂神明華胄日負病夫弱種之惡名長如芒刺在背必欲拔而去之同人等常以體育之言強聒不舍織是故也來賓中能父詔其子兄勉其弟每日以半時餘暇練習技擊則中國已於無形中而轉弱為強國家已受諸君莫大之賜語云十年樹木百年樹人同人等馨香頂祝切望於今日來賓者也
1. In order to rouse the martial spirit of our countrymen, the Jingwu Association aims to reform their physique. What is taught and practiced is selected for its practical accessibility, ensuring that it is suitable for both young and old alike. One day’s practice gets you one day’s progress. Training one skill will bring you the enjoyment of that one skill. For the many now coming to this venue, we have specially added a demonstration of martial techniques, explaining various applications of techniques within the martial arts sets, including both empty-hand sets and weapon sets. Furthermore, our nation’s old teachings of spear methods and saber methods have been converted into the army’s use of bayonet and officer’s saber, making it clear that the skills of martial arts are still relevant. There will also be a demonstration highlighting physiology from the standpoint of medicine, showing the main reasons why a person is strong or weak, such information being pertinent to the rise or fall of the nation.
　　To save the nation, we must first strengthen the masses. But the best method of strengthening the masses has not yet been fully accepted. Since the Jingwu Association opened, there have been members who were ill and frail but became healthy and strong after practicing for not even a year, as well as weary old men who became robust again, likewise after barely a year of practice. It has often been seen that certain members who are already middle aged and have never practiced martial arts before regain youthful bodies, going from being too weak to hardly even bear the weight of their own clothes to having a youthful vigor due to a few years of practice. Members have gone through various such experiences, but have all come to the same conclusion. To strengthen the masses, getting everyone in the nation to practice martial arts is the first step.
　　Our colleagues feel that seeking fame and wealth are paths of very little interest, for the dignified and enlightened Chinese people have long endured the reputation of being “sick men”, so long that it has festered into a humiliation that we must rip out and throw away. That is why our colleagues incessantly chatter about physical education. Among the guests too, let the fathers command the sons and let the elder brothers encourage the younger brothers. If a half hour of one’s spare time every day can be spent practicing martial arts, then China will already be imperceptibly transforming its weakness into strength, the nation receiving the greatest gift from its gentlemen that it can ever get. There is a common saying [paraphrased from Guanzi, chapter 3]: “It takes a decade to grow a tree, a century to cultivate a people.” Our colleagues have burned incense and made their best wishes, and now we eagerly await today’s guests.

（二）本會習技純就實用上着意無取花樣奇異炫人耳目尤願來賓注意單人表演蓋無論徒手與兵器兩人對手容易見長若獨自表演始顯眞力量
2. The Jingwu Association trains practical skills and is not interested in simply making pretty patterns to dazzle the eyes and ears. We especially hope that guests will pay attention to the solo sets. It is much easier to exhibit skill through two-person sets, whether they be empty-hand sets or weapon sets, and therefore it is only through demonstrating solo sets that one displays true ability.

（三）本會表演各技不取重複惟各團體運動旣同淵源自不能免然亦可藉此以資比較互相勸勉
3. The performers do not intend to perform the same set as each other, but since they have all learned from the same source, some repetitions are bound to occur. This can be treated as an opportunity to learn from and raise the level of each other’s performance.

–

[THE 6th GRADUATION CEREMONY]

第六屆畢業。仍在大舞臺舉行。是屆有軍樂合奏。喇叭獨奏。絃樂合奏四弦琴獨奏。與體育眞相。故秩序表署名曰第六屆畢業游藝表。蓋本會各種學科。日有增加。後此開會。斷不止技擊表演之一種也。故易名為游藝會。體育眞相。為筋肉之表示。使人知軀體之非能天然發育。須鍛鍊之。然後強健。彼面團團之富家兒。壅腫如五石匏。雖龐然大物。實則非常柔脆。弱不禁風也。惟表示肌肉。非裸體不可。乃創製豹皮衣。以蔽體之一小部分。公哲等以余體質發育在四十而後。為生理上之新發明者。嬲使雜入豹隊。以為標本。是隊全演對手拳。第一鄭灼辰寧竹亭。二為余與黃漢佳三陳公哲盧煒昌。四姚蟾伯趙連和。也是屆學生更多。且有音樂表演。與攝學給憑。故會員運動。只有六十八節。軍用實施法。增入一人與多人戰之種種法門。蓋會員之程度。繼長增高也。游藝表上初次刋有盾式徽章形。以後吾會永以此為標識。會員當知之也。
The 6th Graduation Ceremony was again held on a large stage. This time there was music from the military band, including bugle solos, and a performance of Western stringed instruments, including violin solos, as well as a demonstration of bodybuilding. Therefore the title on the program for this occasion was “The 6th Graduation Ceremony & Entertainment”. Because the Jingwu Association has constantly been adding courses, these events will henceforth no longer be limited to only martial arts performances, and thus the title has been changed to also include “entertainment”.
　　Bodybuilding is a demonstration of training the muscles, to make people aware that the body does not get developed naturally, but requires training in order to become stronger. Look around at all the rich fat people. Although they are huge, they are unusually weak and fragile. It is impossible to show the muscles without exposing certain areas of the body, and thus we wear tailored leopard skins in order to cover the body as little as possible [although surely just going shirtless in shorts would have shown the muscles even better]. Chen Gongzhe and the others considered the physique I had developed while past the age of forty to be worthy of this new physiology-revealing apparel, and I became entangled in the “leopard-skin team” to be exhibited as a specimen. The team also performed full two-person sets while wearing the skins: 1. Zheng Zhuochen & Ning Zhuting, 2. Huang Hanjia & myself, 3. Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang, and 4. Yao Chanbo & Zhao Lianhe. [These particular sets are not listed with the rest below.]
　　There were also more performances from students, as well as music performances, and the presenting of photography diplomas. Therefore there were only sixty-eight martial arts performances from the members. A section of martial arts techniques for army use [i.e. bayonet and saber] was added demonstrating a variety of methods for one person to combat against many. The standard of the members continues to grow higher and higher. The program for the first time had the shield insignia on it, and henceforth we will always use this symbol to let everyone know right away what they are looking at.

秩序
Program:

（一）開幕
1. Beginning the event
（二）軍樂（本會軍樂隊）
2. Military music (performed by the Jingwu military band)
（三）報告
3. Announcements
（四）演說
4. Speeches
（五）喇叭獨奏（本會軍樂教員）
5. Bugle solos (performed by the Jingwu military band instructors)
（六）第一節教員會員運動
6. First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
（七）技擊術軍用實施法
7. Demonstration of martial arts techniques for army use
（八）給憑技擊部攝學部
8. Giving diplomas to students in the Martial Arts Department and the Photography Department
（九）絃樂合奏（本會音樂部）
9. Group performance of Western stringed instruments (performed by the Jingwu music department)
（十）本會派員教授各團體運動
10. Performances by the instructors for various organizations:
（甲）復旦大學
a. Fudan University
（乙）中華工業專門學校
b. Chinese Industry Technical School
（丙）東亞體育學校
c. East Asia Athletic School
（丁）澄衷學校
d. Chengzhong Secondary School
（戊）嶺南中學
e. Lingnan Secondary School
（己）震亞中學
f. Rousing Asia Secondary School
（庚）恆豐紗廠
g. Enduring Abundance Cotton Mill
（辛）德大紗廠
h. Virtuous Greatness Cotton Mill
（壬）商務印書館工界靑年勵志會
i. Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press
（癸）靑年俱樂部
j. Shanghai Youth Club
（子）廣東小學
k. Guangdong Primary School
（丑）培德小學
l. Developing Virtue Primary School
（寅）培本小學
m. Developing Fundamentals Primary School
（卯）郇光學校
n. Xun Guang Secondary School
（辰）唯一學校
o. Peerless Primary School
（巳）浴德小學
p. Cultivating Virtue Primary School
（午）愛國女學
q. Patriotic Girls’ School
（未）本會女子模範團
r. The Jingwu Exemplary Women Team
（十一）小國民運動
11. Performances by these small citizens:
六齡童李樹森
Li Shusen (age six),
七齡童劉一璧
Liu Yibi (age seven),
八齡童鄭啟光
Zheng Qiguang (age eight),
十二齡簡觀昌
Jian Guanchang (age twelve).
（十二）絃樂獨奏（本會絃樂教員）
12. Solos with Western stringed instruments (performed by the Jingwu Association’s instructors of stringed instruments)
（十三）體育眞相（角觝術）
13. Demonstration of bodybuilding (for wrestling skills)
（十四）第二節教員會員運動
14. Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
（十五）軍樂（本會軍樂部）
15. Military music (again performed by the Jingwu military band)
（十六）閉幕
16. Concluding the event

第一節教員會員運動次第
First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

一　那咤式　金光曜
1. Nezha Postures: Jin Guangyao
二　八折拳　容麟生
2. Eight-Turnings Boxing: Rong Lisheng
三　紅操　教員孫贊軒　彭幼典
3. Hong’s Techniques: instructor Sun Zanxuan & Peng Youdian
四　八卦刀　梁少田
4. Eight-Trigrams Saber: Liang Shaotian
五　四六拳　余文厚
5. Four-Six Boxing: Yu Wenhou
六　溜脚式　李少棠
6. Swinging Kicks: Li Shaotang
七　雙拐串槍　沈季修　陳國衡
7. Double Canes Versus Spear: Shen Jixiu & Chen Guoheng
八　工力拳　程仙洲
8. Gongli Boxing: Cheng Xianzhou
九　露花槍　周杏生
9. Glistening-Flower Saber: Zhou Xingsheng
十　五虎拳　原樂岩
10. Fifth Tiger’s Boxing: Yuan Leyan
十一　套拳　教員趙振羣　周錫三
11. Trapping Boxing: instructor Zhao Lianhe & Zhou Xisan
十二　縱撲刀　朱勉仙
12. Leap & Pounce Halberd: Zhu Mianxian
十三　擋拳　劉冠山
13. Blocking Boxing: Liu Guanshan
十四　春秋刀　沈金泰
14. Spring & Autumn Halberd: Shen Jintai
十五　刀拐串槍　李維新　劉日暄
15. Saber & Cane Versus Spear: Li Weixin & Liu Rixuan
十六　雙龍拳　黃鳴岐
16. Double-Dragon Boxing: Huang Mingqi
十七　方天戟　薛鞏初
17. Crescent Moons Halberd: Xue Gongchu
十八　少林拳　葛榮先
18. Shaolin Boxing: Ge Rongxian
十九　虎頭鈎串槍　沈季修　陳國衡
19. Tiger Head Hooks Versus Spear: Shen Jixiu & Chen Guoheng
二十　步戰刀　何其森
20. Infantry Saber: He Qisen
二十一　十八技　温朝書
21. Eighteen Techniques: Wen Chaoshu
二十二　文操　教員孫贊軒　馮廷芳
22. Wen’s Techniques: instructor Sun Zanxuan & Feng Tingfang
二十三　板櫈　徐雲岳
23. Wooden Bench: Xu Yunyue
二十四　大戰　鄭福良
24. Large-Scale Fight: Zheng Fuliang
二十五　達摩劍　何瑞生
25. Damo Sword: He Ruisheng
二十六　合戰　黎惠生　王松齡
26. Cooperative Fight: Li Huisheng & Wang Songling
二十七　脫銬　裘松泉
27. Breaking Manacles: Qiu Songquan
二十八　臥地豹　劉扆臣
28. Crouching Panther: Liu Yichen
二十九　梅花大刀串槍　教員孫玉峯　劉日暄
29. Plum Blossom Large Saber Versus Spear: instructor Sun Yufeng & Liu Rixuan
三十　雙掃子串槍　教員葉鳳池　浦闊亭
30. Two-Section Staff Versus Spear: instructor Ye Fengchi & Pu Kuoting

第二節教員會員運動次第
Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

一　靑龍拳　費肇昌
1. Blue Dragon Boxing: Fei Zhaochang
二　五虎槍　羅克己
2. Fifth Tiger’s Spear: Luo Keji
三　脫戰　黎永錦
3. Escaping-Techniques Fight: Li Yongjin
四　少林棍　卓德
4. Shaolin Staff: Zhuo De
五　飛虎拳　教員霍東閣　周俊生
5. Flying-Tiger Boxing: instructor Huo Dongge & Zhou Junsheng
六　散拳　劉伯言
6. Miscellaneous Boxing: Liu Boyan
七　羣羊棍　陳子學
7. Sheep-Herding Staff: Chen Zixue
八　金剛拳　盧頌虔
8. Arhat Boxing: Lu Songqian
九　串子　裘國樑　朱棟君
9. String of Beads: Qiu Guoliang & Zhu Dongjun
十　太極大刀　張勤益
10. Taiji Halberd: Zhang Qinyi
十一　攔門槍　馮廷芳
11. Gate-Blocking Spear: Feng Tingfang
十二　單刀及軟鞭　承鑫培
12. Single Saber & Soft Whip: Cheng Xinpei
十三　串拳　教員孫玉峯　劉蘭坡
13. Threading Boxing: instructor Sun Yufeng & Liu Lanpo
十四　醉溜膛　寧竹亭
14. Drunken-Stumbling-Around-the-Hall: Ning Zhuting
十五　劈山刀　翁耀衡
15. Mountain-Chopping Saber: Weng Yaoheng
十六　黑虎拳　黃漢佳
16. Black Tiger Boxing: Huang Hanjia
十七　空手奪刀　金光曜　呂啟明
17. Empty-Hand Versus Saber: Jin Guangyao & Lü Qiming
十八　粵派雙龍拳　馬湘
18. Double-Dragon Boxing (a southern style): Ma Xiang
十九　峨嵋槍　陳鐵生
19. Emei Spear: Chen Tiesheng
二十　開門豹　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
20. Gate-Opening Leopard: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
二十一　梅花雙舌槍　盧煒昌
21. Plum Blossom Double-Tongued Spear: Lu Weichang
二十二　猴拳　浦闊亭
22. Monkey Boxing: Pu Kuoting
二十三　對槍　教員霍東閣　教員趙連城
23. Two-Person Spear: instructors Huo Dongge & Zhao Liancheng
二十四　四門重手　教員孫贊軒
24. Heavy Hands in All Directions: instructor Sun Zanxuan
二十五　梅花大刀　教員孫玉峯
25. Plum Blossom Large Saber: instructor Sun Yufeng
二十六　孫臏拳　鄭灼辰
26. Sun Bin Boxing: Zheng Zhuochen
二十七　紥拳　教員趙振羣　教員張富猷
27. Tying Boxing: instructors Zhao Lianhe & Zhang Fuyou
二十八　伏虎拳　楊琛倫
28. Taming-Tiger Boxing: Yang Chenlun
二十九　五虎棍　費肇昌　翁耀衡
29. Fifth Tiger’s Staff: Fei Zhaochang & Weng Yaoheng
三十　節拳　盧煒昌
30. Articulated Boxing: Lu Weichang
三十一　抱月刀　教員趙連城
31. Moon-Embracing Saber: instructor Zhao Liancheng
三十二　斷門刀　教員葉鳳池　黎惠生
32. Gate-Breaking Saber: instructor Ye Fengchi & Li Huisheng
三十三　樂俠拳　教員陳維賢
33. Joyous-Hero Boxing: instructor Chen Weixian
三十四　雙鐧　教員趙振羣
34. Double Maces: instructor Zhao Lianhe
三十五　醉酒刀　教員葉鳳池
35: Drunken Saber: instructor Ye Fengchi
三十六　單刀對三節棍　寧竹亭　浦闊亭
36: Single Saber Versus Three-Section Staff: Ning Zhuting & Pu Kuoting
三十七　大刀對槍　劉扆臣　盧煒昌
37. Large Saber Versus Spear: Liu Yichen & Lu Weichang
三十八　盤龍棍　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
38. Coiling-Dragon Staff: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe

☉啟事
Announcements:

（一）本會成立以來秋冬之交必舉行運動一次一以資社會之觀感發揚技擊之幽光一以策同學之進行勿墮功程於中道循是以往亦越九年幸而技擊中興推行日廣商學兩界同志者大不乏人然運動會性質半屬選手於本會普及技擊之素志未酬且技擊旣能施於團體教練則將來遠東運動會中亦思占一席地為吾國光是則本會同人亟以自勵者也
1. The Jingwu Association has established that every fall it will hold an athletic meet. One purpose of this is to make an impression upon society and revive the faded glory of our martial arts, and another is to encourage students to progress further rather than let their skills degrade. For more than nine years now, the martial arts renaissance has fortunately been expanding further with each day. Though we have no lack of comrades from both business and academic circles, an athletic meet is comprised mainly of athletes from the Jingwu Association. Our ambition of spreading martial arts has not yet been fully realized, and since martial arts can be used to train whole groups, future Far Eastern Championship Games [the next one to be held in the Philippines the following year, the one after that to be held in Shanghai in 1921] ought to keep a place for group demonstrations. The glory of our nation depends on the enthusiasm of people like us.

（二）本會習技純就實用上着意無取花樣奇異炫人耳目尤願來賓注意單人表演蓋無論徒手與兵器兩人對手容易見長獨自表演始顯眞力量
2. The Jingwu Association trains practical skills and is not interested in simply making pretty patterns to dazzle the eyes and ears. We especially hope that guests will pay attention to the solo sets. It is much easier to exhibit skill through two-person sets, whether they be empty-hand sets or weapon sets, and therefore it is only through demonstrating solo sets that one displays true ability.

（三）本會表演各技不取重複惟各團體運動旣同淵源自不能免然亦可藉此以資比較互相勸勉
3. The performers do not intend to perform the same set as each other, but since they have all learned from the same source, some repetitions are bound to occur. This can be treated as an opportunity to learn from and raise the level of each other’s performance.

（四）本會運動員襟綴三星者為六年畢業學員雙星者四年畢業單星者兩年畢業無星者為初級修業員各個表演只能各如其所詣之程度因成參差之姿勢惟希閱者諒焉
4. Jingwu Association members have stars stitched onto their jackets. Three stars indicates a six-year graduate, two stars indicates a four-year graduate, one star indicates a two-year graduate, and no star indicates a beginning student. Each performer can only perform at the level he is at, and we hope you will pardon any differences in the quality of the postures.

（五）本會今日行第六屆畢業禮非專開運動會來賓幸勿以觀武戲心理責望本會致礙會塲秩序
5. The Jingwu Association is now holding its 6th Graduation Ceremony. This is not meant to be solely an athletic meet, and so the guests hopefully will not be expecting a constantly exciting martial arts exhibition, for we have also filled the schedule with a variety of many other kinds of events.

（六）軍用實施法卽武技襲擊法之緒餘其效用全在基本教練否則不能運用裕如苟躐等而求為效甚僅試觀美國近編（對手戰術）一書先於徒手教練三致意焉吾國士夫其亦恫夫斯術之輸入異域而思有以廣其傳播於祖國歟不禁企予望之此屆軍用實施法表演者為霍東閣鄭灼辰寧竹亭盧煒昌
6. Martial arts techniques for army use [i.e. bayonet and saber] are auxiliary military skills for attack. Their effectiveness depends on basic training, otherwise you will not be able to carry them out with ease. It if is very difficult to skip steps and yet expect to be skillful. Examine for example the recent American book Hand-to-Hand Fighting [by A. E. Marriott], which prioritizes its attention upon the training of unarmed techniques. Our nation’s scholars may moan about these techniques being a foreign import, but when we think about how widely this material has been taught throughout the country already, we cannot help but look forward to taking a closer look at it. During this year’s graduation, there will be a demonstration of martial arts techniques for army use, performed by Huo Dongge, Zheng Zhuochen, Ning Zhuting, and Lu Weichang.

（七）體育眞相之角觝術乃根據近代體育家露肌運動法以鼓舞運動員之興致幷以資筋肉發展之觀感此舉關係體育甚鉅西人曾編專書論及之觀者幸勿誤為歐美賣技者流藉筋肉之膨脹以炫人也
7. Bodybuilding for developing wrestling skills is based on methods for displaying muscles as demonstrated by modern educators, which have inspired the interest of athletes but give the impression that such exercises are simply a means of enhancing muscular development. Bodybuilding is so tightly related to physical education that Westerners have written many specialized books on the subject. But we hope you will not mistake it for the exhibitions of European and American strongmen, who are merely intent on showing off their bulging muscles.

（八）今年各級畢業會員表（另列）
8. The list of this year’s graduates at all levels (is shown further below).

（九）技擊部會員有三載二載或逾年而未輟課及未告假者頗有足多分別贈以金牌銀牌以勉來者三年未請假贈毅字銀牌者黃漢佳陳國衡二年未請假贈奮字銀牌者黃鳴岐一年未輟課贈勤字金牌者楊琛倫
9. Members of the martial arts department who for two or three or more years have had perfect attendance, or have never asked for a period of leave, have proved their mettle and will thus be presented with a gold or silver medal as further encouragement. For going three years without asking for leave, a silver medal inscribed with “willpower” has been given to Huang Hanjia and Chen Guoheng. For going two years without asking for leave, a silver medal inscribed with “struggle” has been given to Huang Mingqi. For going a full year without ever missing a class, a gold medal inscribed with “hardworking” has been given to Yang Chenlun.

（十）本會設有攝影學一部向由留美畢業攝學專家葉向榮君及陳公哲君教授今年畢業者金光曜陳壽之陳延年梁少田周錫三唐文琦聶雲台楊伸卓陳國衡
10. The Jingwu Association has established a photography department, turning toward a couple of graduates of photographic studies in America, Ye Xiangrong and Chen Gongzhe, to be the instructors. This year’s graduates in our photographic course are: Jin Guangyao, Chen Shouzhi, Chen Yannian, Liang Shaotian, Zhou Xisan, Tang Wenqi, Nie Yuntai, Yang Shenzhuo, and Chen Guoheng.

–

[THE 7th GRADUATION CEREMONY]

八年運動預記
List of Performances for the 1919 Graduation Ceremony:

單拳
Solo sets:

伏虎拳　安佩文
Taming-Tiger Boxing: An Peiwen
節拳　容麟生
Articulated Boxing: Rong Lisheng
小紮拳　鄭啟光
Small Tying Boxing: Zheng Qiguang
短戰　陳善
Low-Posture Fight: Chen Shan
少林拳　葛榮先
Shaolin Boxing: Ge Rongxian
子孫丹　朱穰丞
Ancestral Elixir: Zhu Rangcheng
崩步　張言珍
Avalanche Steps: Zhang Yanzhen
金剛拳　勞錫藩
Arhat Boxing: Lao Xifan
硬搥　蔡子榮
Hard-Hammer Boxing: Cai Zirong
四六拳　程仙洲
Four-Six Boxing: Cheng Xianzhou
大戰上　盧獻輝
First half of Large-Scale Fight: Lu Xianhui
大戰下　李志羲
Second half of Large-Scale Fight: Li Zhixi
工力拳　陳啟英
Gongli Boxing: Chen Qiying
脫戰　黎永錦
Escaping-Techniques Fight: Li Yongjin
二郎拳　馮蘭皋
Second Son’s Boxing Set: Feng Lan’gao
十字戰　陳鐵生
Cross-Shaped Fight: Chen Tiesheng
五虎拳　黃漢佳
Fifth Tiger’s Boxing: Huang Hanjia
五虎架　黃漢佳
Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set: Huang Hanjia
黑虎拳　劉扆臣
Black Tiger Boxing: Liu Yichen
臥地豹　劉扆臣
Crouching Panther: Liu Yichen
孫臏拳　鄭灼辰
Sun Bin Boxing: Zheng Zhuochen
粵派伏虎拳　卓德
Taming-Tiger Boxing (a southern style): Zhuo De
粵派雙龍拳　馬湘
Double-Dragon Boxing (a southern style): Ma Xiang
四門重手　何勉之
Heavy Hands in All Directions: He Mianzhi
大雄拳　張勤益
Great Hero Boxing: Zhang Qinyi
林氏下山拳　張勤益
Master Lin’s Mountain-Descending Boxing: Zhang Qinyi
黃氏下山拳　寧竹亭
Master Huang’s Mountain-Descending Boxing: Ning Zhuting
醉溜膛　寧竹亭
Drunken-Stumbling-Around-the-Hall: Ning Zhuting
金槍手　謝名成
Golden-Spear Hands: Xie Mingcheng
羅漢拳　朱勉仙
Luohan Boxing: Zhu Mianxian
哪叱勢　金光曜
Nezha Postures: Jin Guangyao
十八技　譚瑞和
Eighteen Techniques: Tan Ruihe
小梅花拳　徐雲岳
Small Plum-Blossom Boxing: Xu Yunyue
天罡手　樂致遠
Big-Dipper Hands: Le Zhiyuan
燕氏插拳　劉日暄
Yan Qing’s Charging Punches: Liu Rixuan
馬武拳　黃善祥
Ma Wu’s Boxing Set: Huang Shanxiang
跳地龍　原樂岩
Leaping Ground-Dragon: Yuan Leyan
奇門拳　黃鳴岐
Qimen Boxing: Huang Mingqi
插拳　翁耀衡
Charging Punches: Weng Yaoheng
穿拳　翁耀衡
Piercing Fists: Weng Yaoheng
八折拳　容麟生
Eight-Turnings Boxing: Rong Lisheng
五躺查拳　程鏡川
Five-Rolls Cha Boxing: Cheng Jingchuan
二𨌩串拳　朱穰丞
2nd line of Threading Boxing: Zhu Rangcheng
反車　陳壽之
Wheeling Boxing: Chen Shouzhi
擋拳　陳壽之
Blocking Boxing: Chen Shouzhi
練手拳　李維新
Handwork-Training Set: Li Weixin
溜脚勢　黃維慶
Swinging Kicks: Huang Weiqing

對拳
Two-person sets:

捻手拳上路　孫玉峯　劉日暄
First half of Hand-Twisting Boxing: Sun Yufeng & Liu Rixuan
捻手拳下路　孫玉峯　徐雲岳
Second half of Hand-Twisting Boxing: Sun Yufeng & Xu Yunyue
擋步捶　程鏡川　蔡景麟
Advance-Halting Boxing: Cheng Jingchuan & Cai Jinglin
接潭腿　何瑞生　霍東閣
Two-Person Tantui: Huo Dongge & He Ruisheng
文操　陳海澄　薛鞏初
Wen’s Techniques: Chen Haideng & Xue Gongchu
黃操　楊仲綽　孫贊軒
Huang’s Techniques: Yang Zhongchuo & Sun Zanxuan
花鮑操　彭幼典　孫贊軒
Colorful-Shell Techniques: Peng Youdian & Sun Zanxuan
合戰　盧煒昌　陳公哲
Cooperative Fight: Lu Weichang & Chen Gongzhe
猴拳　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
Monkey Boxing: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
開門豹　寧竹亭　鄭灼辰
Gate-Opening Leopard: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
紥拳　劉扆臣　黎惠生
Tying Boxing: Liu Yichen & Li Huisheng
串子　寧竹亭　盧煒昌
String of Beads: Ning Zhuting & Lu Weichang
短打　陳鐵生　趙連和
Short Fighting: Chen Tiesheng & Zhao Lianhe
飛虎拳　寧竹亭　霍東閣
Flying-Tiger Boxing: Ning Zhuting & Huo Dongge
八極搥　葉書田　鄭福良
Baji Boxing: Ye Shutian & Zheng Fuliang
桃花珊　楊學南　傅蓮芳
Peach Blossom Parasols: Yang Xuenan & Fu Lianfang
拍暗手　羅光玉　馬丞鑫
Slapping & Pressing Hands: Luo Guangyu & Ma Chengxin
燕氏對子　羅光玉　馬丞鑫
Two-Person Yan Qing Boxing: Luo Guangyu & Ma Chengxin
套拳　卓德　鄭福良
Trapping Boxing: Zhuo De & Zheng Fuliang
步戰五虎拳　黃癡　李匯亭
Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set for the Infantry: Huang Chi & Li Huiting

兵器
Weapon sets:

少林棍　陳子學
Shaolin Staff: Chen Zixue
板櫈　周錫三
Wooden Bench: Zhou Xisan
長棍　黃惠龍
Long Staff: Huang Huilong
盤龍雙刀　彭幼典
Coiling-Dragon Double Sabers: Peng Youdian
攔門鈌　曾啓文
Gate-Blocking Lance: Zeng Qiwen
雙舌槍　羅克己
Double-Tongued Spear: Luo Keji
混成槍　羅克己
Multi-Style Spear: Luo Keji
夜戰槍　黎惠生
Night-Battle Spear: Li Huisheng
羣羊棍　陳兆珽
Sheep-Herding Staff: Chen Zhaoting
抱月刀　簡偉卿
Moon-Embracing Saber: Jian Weiqing
雙刀　陳士超
Double Sabers: Chen Shichao
五虎槍　王漢禮
Fifth Tiger’s Spear: Wang Hanli
露花刀　葛榮先
Glistening-Flower Saber: Ge Rongxian
八卦刀　梁少田
Eight-Trigrams Saber: Liang Shaotian
地蹚刀　鄭福良
Ground-Rolling Saber: Zheng Fuliang
步戰刀　蔡景麟
Infantry Saber: Cai Jinglin
梅花大刀　劉日暄
Plum Blossom Large Saber: Liu Rixuan
方天戟　薛鞏初
Crescent Moons Halberd: Xue Gongchu
大掃子　陳公哲
Two-Section Staff: Chen Gongzhe
軟鞭　陳公哲
Soft Whip: Chen Gongzhe
雙座鈎　寧竹亭
Double Hooks: Ning Zhuting
雙斧　黃惠龍
Double Axes: Huang Huilong
綈袍劍　姚蟾伯
Silk-Robe Sword: Yao Chanbo
達摩劍　何瑞生
Damo Sword: He Ruisheng
二郎刀　賀日三
Second Son’s Saber: He Risan
蛾眉刺　姚蟾伯
Emei Needle: Yao Chanbo
銅錘　薛鞏初
Bronze Hammer: Xue Gongchu
鈀　黃惠龍
Rake: Huang Huilong
春秋大刀　邱亮
Spring & Autumn Halberd: Qiu Liang
劈山刀　翁耀衡
Mountain-Chopping Saber: Weng Yaoheng
雪片刀　翁耀衡
Snowflake Saber: Weng Yaoheng
棋盤刀　何其森
Chessboard Saber: He Qisen
雙刺　樂致遠
Double Needles: Le Zhiyuan
八寶刀　黃鳴岐
Eight Treasures Saber: Huang Mingqi
三面兩刃刀　卓德
Triple-Tip Double-Edged Halberd: Zhuo De
六合四門封刀　原樂巖
Sealing-All-Directions Saber: Yuan Leyan
太極大刀　張勤益
Taiji Halberd: Zhang Qinyi
雙鐧　劉扆臣
Double Maces: Liu Yichen
峨嵋槍　陳鐵生
Emei Spear: Chen Tiesheng

兵器對手
Weapon against empty-hand:

盤子對刀　金光曜　馬承鑫
Tray Versus Saber: Jin Guangyao & Ma Chengxin
降龍棒　鄭灼辰　羅克己
Descending-Dragon Cudgel: Zheng Zhuochen & Luo Keji
棍對槍　鄭灼辰　黃漢佳
Staff Versus Spear: Zheng Zhuochen & Huang Hanjia
刀拐串槍　劉日暄　孫玉峯
Saber & Cane Versus Spear: Liu Rixuan & Sun Yufeng
大刀對方天㦸　劉日暄　孫玉峯
Large Saber Versus Crescent Moons Halberd: Liu Rixuan & Sun Yufeng
大刀槍　黎永錦　程鏞
Large Saber Versus Spear: Li Yongjin & Cheng Yong
七十二棍　卓德　陳子學
Seventy-Two Techniques Staff: Zhuo De & Chen Zixue
板橙戰雙刀　黃惠龍　霍東閣
Wooden Bench Versus Double Sabers: Huang Huilong & Huo Dongge
空手奪單刀　呂啓明　霍東閣
Empty-Hand Versus Single Saber: Lü Qiming & Huo Dongge
雙拐串槍　陳國衡　楊其森
Double Canes Versus Spear: Chen Guoheng & Yang Qisen
盤龍棍對槍　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
Coiling-Dragon Staff versus Spear: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
單刀槍　姚蟾伯　趙連和
Single Saber Versus Spear: Yao Chanbo & Zhao Lianhe
對手大刀　盧煒昌　趙連和
Two-Person Large Saber: Lu Weichang & Zhao Lianhe
對手八卦刀　寧竹亭　鄭灼辰
Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
空手奪雙插　浦闊亭　寧竹亭
Empty-Hang Versus Double Forks: Pu Kuoting & Ning Zhuting
空手奪槍　鄭灼辰　趙連和
Empty-Hand Versus Spear: Zheng Zhuochen & Zhao Lianhe
龍虎鬭　黎惠生　劉扆臣
Battle Between Dragon & Tiger: Li Huisheng & Liu Yichen
空手奪雙刀　陳公哲　姚蟾伯
Empty-Hand versus Double Sabers: Chen Gongzhe & Yao Chanbo
對手雙刀　裘松泉　葉書田
Empty-Hand versus Double Sabers: Qiu Songquan & Ye Shutian
單刀戰大刀　陳鐵生　趙連和
Single Saber Versus Large Saber: Chen Tiesheng & Zhao Lianhe
龍翔鳳舞（卽劍對槍）　浦闊亭　羅光玉
Dragon Soaring & Phoenix Dancing (a sword versus spear set): Pu Kuoting & Luo Guangyu
三節棍對手　寧竹亭　鄭灼辰
Three-Section Staff Versus Empty-Hand: Ning Zhuting & Zheng Zhuochen
雙刀串槍　陳公哲　盧煒昌
Double Sabers Versus Spears: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
雙刀對棍　黃惠龍　彭幼典
Double Sabers Versus Staff: Huang Huilong & Peng Youdian
風雷棍　程鏞　霍東閣
Wind & Thunder Staff: Cheng Yong & Huo Dongge
三節棍對槍　呂啟明　霍東閣
Three-Section Staff Versus Spear: Lü Qiming & Huo Dongge
空手奪匕　黃惠龍　霍東閣
Empty-Hand Versus Daggers: Huang Huilong & Huo Dongge
梅花槍對手　馬湘　孫玉峯
Plum Blossom Spear Versus Empty Hand: Ma Xiang & Sun Yufeng
對手單刀　翁耀衡　葉書田
Two-Person Single Saber: Weng Yaoheng & Ye Shutian
對雙舌槍　翁耀衡　何其森
Two-Person Double-Tongue Spear: Weng Yaoheng & He Qisen
左門棍戰槍　黃癡　李匯亭
Zuo Style Staff Versus Spear: Huang Chi & Li Huiting
刀拐槍　黃維慶　陳善
Saber Versus Spear: Huang Weiqing & Chen Shan

（教員單演不列表中）
(Additional solo performances by instructors have not been listed here.)

–

☉技擊之三級畢業記名　陳鐵生
THE THREE LEVELS OF GRADUATION IN THE MARTIAL ARTS COURSE by Chen Tiesheng

技擊一科。滿兩年為初級畢業。給以初等證書。襟飾黃星一顆。
Completing two years makes a student a graduate at the beginner level. The student is given a beginner-level diploma and a yellow star to attach to the uniform jacket.
滿四年為中級畢業。給以中等證書。襟飾黃與藍兩星。（藍星在民國七年以前。用綠色。後因科學上之關係。知黃藍紅三色。為色澤之母。故易之。）
Completing four years makes a student a graduate at the intermediate level. The student is given an intermediate-level diploma and a two-star design of yellow and blue to attach to the uniform jacket. (The blue star before 1918 was a green star. It was later changed to conform to the science of primary colors, combinations of red, yellow, and blue being the basis of all further colors.)
滿六年為高級畢業。給以高等證書。襟飾紅藍黃三星。
Completing six years makes a student an advanced-level graduate. The student is given an advanced-level diploma and a three-star design of yellow, blue, and red to attach to the uniform jacket.
以上三級之畢業。均須得技擊主任之許可證明。
To graduate at any of these levels also requires the approval of the director of the martial arts apartment.

中華民國元年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1912 at the beginner level:

徐振漢　浙江　Xu Zhenhan of Zhejiang
徐柏堂　浙江　Xu Botang of Zhejiang
平雪士　浙江　Ping Xueshi of Zhejiang
黎惠生　廣東　Li Huisheng of Guangdong
盧煒昌　廣東　Lu Weichang of Guangdong
陳公哲　廣東　Chen Gongzhe of Guangdong
劉扆臣　廣東　Liu Yichen of Guangdong
邱亮　廣東　Qiu Liang of Guangdong
李迪初　廣東　Li Dichu of Guangdong
李佩然　廣東　Li Peiran of Guangdong
王煥文　江蘇　Wang Huanwen of Jiangsu
高堯夫　江蘇　Gao Yaofu of Jiangsu
王維潘　江蘇　Wang Weipan of Jiangsu

–

民國元年第一次技擊初級畢業會員
Members of the first graduates in the martial arts program, at the beginner level, 1912:

中國精武體操會第一次初年畢業記念撮影
Commemorative photo of the first graduates, beginner level, of the Chinese Jingwu Calisthenics Association
[Written on the banners surrounding the altar honoring Huo Yuanjia:]
群賢畢至
All those here are persons of virtue
雅精……
cultured and refined,…
乃武乃文
possessing both the martial and civil qualities.

–

五年第一次技擊高級畢業會員
The first martial arts graduates at the advanced level, 1916:

精武體育會丙辰年高級畢業撮影
Photo of the Jingwu Athletic Association’s graduates at the advanced level, 1916

–

精武會之技擊畢業證書
Example of the diploma for the Jingwu Association’s martial arts program:

精武體育會畢業證書
Jingwu Athletic Association diploma for:
廣東省新會縣人黃漢佳
Huang Hanjia of Xinhui County, Guangdong,
右學員在本會研究技擊已屆四年於徒手對手器械均得優美成績合給中等畢業證書此證
who has now studied martial arts at the Jingwu Association for four years, learning empty-hand sets, two-person sets, and weapon sets, obtaining an exquisite skillfulness in all of them. For this achievement, we hereby give him this diploma to verify that he has fulfilled the course requirements at the intermediate level [the beginner level being a two-year study, the advanced level being a six-year study, making this particular diploma the equivalent of completing a bachelor program at a university].
[Signed and stamped by:]
會長　王閣臣
Association President Wang Gechen
副會長　陳止瀾
Vice President Chen Zhilan
教員趙振群　李占風
Instructors Zhao Zhenqun [Lianhe] & Li Zhanfeng
教員張富猷　孫賛軒
Instructors Zhang Fuyou & Sun Zanxuan
教員李健民　李振江
Instructors Li Jianmin & Li Zhenjiang [Liancun]
教員葉鳳岐　陳維賢
Instructors Ye Fengqi & Chen Weixian
中華民國六年十一月卄五日
Nov 25, 1917
〔中國精武體育會印〕
(stamp of the Jingwu Athletic Association of China)

–

三年中級畢業會員　（姚甯兩員經會議特許超級畢業）
Graduates of 1914 at the intermediate level (with special permission given to Yao Chanbo and Ning Zhuting to be accelerated into this level after a conference on the decision):

黎惠生　廣東　Li Huisheng of Guangdong
盧煒昌　廣東　Lu Weichang of Guangdong
陳公哲　廣東　Chen Gongzhe of Guangdong
劉扆臣　廣東　Liu Yichen of Guangdong
邱亮　廣東　Qiu Liang of Guangdong
李迪初　廣東　Li Dichu of Guangdong
姚蟾伯　江蘇　Yao Chanbo of Jiangsu
寧竹亭　山東　Ning Zhuting of Shandong

三年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1914 at the beginner level:

徐人龍　江蘇　Xu Renlong of Jiangsu
陳白濤　浙江　Chen Baitao of Zhejiang
王麐生　山東　Wang Linsheng of Shandong
浦闊亭　山東　Pu Kuoting of Shandong
劉日暄　山東　Liu Rixuan of Shandong
陳善　廣東　Chen Shan of Guangdong
陳洪鈞　廣東　Chen Jongjun of Guangdong
鄭灼辰　廣東　Zheng Zhuochen of Guangdong
周樹聲　廣東　Zhou Shusheng of Guangdong
周芹如　廣東　Zhou Qinru of Guangdong
馮蘭皋　廣東　Feng Lan’gao of Guangdong
唐瑞華　廣東　Tang Ruihua of Guangdong

四年中級畢業會員
Graduates of 1915 at the intermediate level:

徐振漢　浙江　Xu Zhenhan of Zhejiang

四年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1915 at the beginner level:

包雲祥　山東　Bao Yunxiang of Shandong
尹鶴林　浙江　Yin Helin of Zhejiang
劉飛熊　浙江　Liu Feixiong of Zhejiang
翁耀衡　廣東　Weng Yaoheng of Guangdong
黃漢佳　廣東　Huang Hanjia of Guangdong
馮鐵魂　廣東　Feng Tiehun of Guangdong
容受之　廣東　Rong Shouzhi of Guangdong
王懷琪　江蘇　Wang Huaiqi of Jiangsu
秦公望　江蘇　Qin Gongwang of Jiangsu
王寶鏡　江蘇　Wang Baojing of Jiangsu

五年高級畢業會員
Graduates of 1916 at the advanced level:

姚蟾伯　江蘇　Yao Chanbo of Jiangsu
寧竹亭　山東　Ning Zhuting of Shandong
劉扆臣　廣東　Liu Yichen of Guangdong
邱亮　廣東　Qiu Liang of Guangdong
黎惠生　廣東　Li Huisheng of Guangdong
陳公哲　廣東　Chen Gongzhe of Guangdong
盧煒昌　廣東　Lu Weichang of Guangdong

五年中級畢業會員
Graduates of 1916 at the intermediate level:

浦闊亭　山東　Pu Kuoting of Shandong
鄭灼辰　廣東　Zheng Zhuochen of Guangdong
馮蘭皋　廣東　Feng Lan’gao of Guangdong
陳善　廣東　Chen Shan of Guangdong

五年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1916 at the beginner level:

沈季修　廣東　Shen Jixiu of Guangdong
葉槺瑄　廣東　Ye Kangxuan of Guangdong
李國荃　廣東　Li Guoquan of Guangdong
陳漢欽　廣東　Chen Hanqin of Guangdong
陳國衡　廣東　Chen Guoheng of Guangdong
吳耀之　廣東　Wu Yaozhi of Guangdong
孫弘　安徽　Sun Hong of Anhui
費實秋　直隸　Fei Shiqiu of Hebei
孫毓庭　浙江　Sun Yuting of Zhejiang
林逸雲　浙江　Lin Yiyun of Zhejiang
金光曜　浙江　Jin Guangyao of Zhejiang
張英甫　山東　Zhang Yingfu of Shandong

六年中級畢業會員
Graduates of 1917 at the intermediate level:

翁耀衡　廣東　Weng Yaoheng of Guangdong
馮鐵魂　廣東　Feng Tiehun of Guangdong
黃漢佳　廣東　Huang Hanjia of Guangdong
劉日暄　山東　Liu Rixuan of Shandong

六年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1917 at the beginner level:

呂啟明　山東　Lü Qiming of Shandong
李維新　直𨽹　Li Weixin of Hebei
張勤益　江蘇　Zhang Qinyi of Jiangsu
周杏生　江蘇　Zhou Xingsheng of Jiangsu
周俊生　江蘇　Zhou Junsheng of Jiangsu
王漢禮　浙江　Wang Hanli of Zhejiang
陳世俊　浙江　Chen Shijun of Zhejiang
葉衍鴻　廣東　Ye Yanhong of Guangdong
葉子華　廣東　Ye Zihua of Guangdong
黃維慶　廣東　Huang Weiqing of Guangdong
曾啟文　廣東　Zeng Qiwen of Guangdong
翁達方　廣東　Weng Dafang of Guangdong
周錫三　廣東　Zhou Xisan of Guangdong
薛鞏初　廣東　Xue Gongchu of Guangdong
黃善祥　廣東　Huang Shanxiang of Guangdong
郭健霄　廣東　Guo Jianxiao of Guangdong
黃鳴岐　廣東　Huang Mingqi of Guangdong

七年高級畢業會員
Graduates of 1918 at the advanced level:

鄭灼辰　廣東　Zheng Zhuochen of Guangdong
翁耀衡　廣東　Weng Yaoheng of Guangdong
馮蘭皋　廣東　Feng Lan’gao of Guangdong
浦闊亭　山東　Pu Kuoting of Shandong
劉日暄　山東　Liu Rixuan of Shandong

七年中級畢業會員
Graduates of 1918 at the intermediate level:

沈季修　廣東　Shen Jixiu of Guangdong
金光曜　浙江　Jin Guangyao of Zhejiang
呂啟明　山東　Lü Qiming of Shandong
李維新　直隸　Li Weixin of Hebei

七年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1918 at the beginner level:

聶光堃　湖南　Nie Guangkun of Hunan
劉冠山　山東　Liu Guanshan of Shandong
劉蘭坡　奉天　Liu Lanpo of Fengtian
王松齡　浙江　Wang Songling of Zhejiang
馬承鑫　江蘇　Ma Chengxin of Jiangsu
沈余泰　江蘇　Shen Yutai of Jiangsu
楊琛倫　廣東　Yang Chenlun of Guangdong
羅克己　廣東　Luo Keji of Guangdong
黎永錦　廣東　Li Yongjin of Guangdong
盧頌虔　廣東　Lu Songqian of Guangdong
余文厚　廣東　Yu Wenhou of Guangdong
梁少田　廣東　Liang Shaotian of Guangdong
鄭福良　廣東　Zheng Fuliang of Guangdong
温朝書　廣東　Wen Chaoshu of Guangdong
陳士超　廣東　Chen Shichao of Guangdong
簡貽孫　廣東　Jian Yisun of Guangdong
簡觀昌　廣東　Jian Guanchang of Guangdong
黎耀文　廣東　Li Yaowen of Guangdong
陸象賢　廣東　Lu Xiangxian of Guangdong
簡世樞　廣東　Jian Shishu of Guangdong
程子英　廣東　Cheng Ziying of Guangdong
何杰卿　廣東　He Jieqing of Guangdong
黎湛泉　廣東　Li Zhanquan of Guangdong
陳杰珊　廣東　Chen Jieshan of Guangdong
鄭炳麟　廣東　Zheng Binglin of Guangdong

八年高級畢業會員
Graduates of 1919 at the advanced level:

黃漢佳　廣東　Huang Hanjia of Guangdong
金光曜　浙江　Jin Guangyao of Zhejiang

八年中級畢業會員
Graduates of 1919 at the intermediate level:

王漢禮　浙江　Wang Hanli of Zhejiang
黃維慶　廣東　Huang Weiqing of Guangdong
薛鞏初　廣東　Xue Gongchu of Guangdong
曾啓文　廣東　Zeng Qiwen of Guangdong
羅克己　廣東　Luo Keji of Guangdong
葉子華　廣東　Ye Zihua of Guangdong

八年初級畢業會員
Graduates of 1919 at the beginner level:

安佩文　山東　An Peiwen of Shandong
朱勉仙　廣東　Zhu Mianxian of Guangdong
朱穰丞　江蘇　Zhu Rangcheng of Jiangsu
余煥培　廣東　Yu Huanpei of Guangdong
毛瑞卿　山東　Mao Ruiqing of Shandong
程仙洲　山東　Cheng Xianzhou of Shandong
譚瑞銘　廣東　Tan Ruiming of Guangdong
葛榮先　山東　Ge Rongxian of Shandong
劉德臣　山東　Liu Dechen of Shandong
馬湘　廣東　Ma Xiang of Guangdong
黃惠龍　廣東　Huang Huilong of Guangdong
楊學南　山東　Yang Xuenan of Shandong
張言珍　山東　Zhang Yanzhen of Shandong
傅蓮舫　山東　Fu Lianfang of Shandong
謝振聲　山東　Xie Zhensheng of Shandong
張葵五　山東　Zhang Kuiwu of Shandong
劉子鴻　山東　Liu Zihong of Shandong
程鏡川　廣東　Cheng Jingchuan of Guangdong
陳忠五　山東　Chen Zhongwu of Shandong
徐憲堂　山東　Xu Xiantang of Shandong
林煥廷　廣東　Lin Huanting of Guangdong
張尊五　山東　Zhang Zunwu of Shandong
陳壽之　江蘇　Chen Shouzhi of Jiangsu
何瑞生　廣東　He Ruisheng of Guangdong
陳子學　廣東　Chen Zixue of Guangdong
蔡景麟　廣東　Cai Jinglin of Guangdong
彭幼典　廣東　Peng Youdian of Guangdong
勞錫藩　廣東　Lao Xifan of Guangdong
簡偉卿　廣東　Jian Weiqing of Guangdong
容麟生　廣東　Rong Lisheng of Guangdong
賀日三　山東　He Risan of Shandong
樂致遠　浙江　Le Zhiyuan of Zhejiang
裘松泉　浙江　Qiu Songquan of Zhejiang
原樂岩　山東　Yuan Leyan of Shandong
何其森　浙江　He Qisen of Zhejiang
卓德　廣東　Zhuo De of Guangdong
姚貴源　江蘇　Yao Guiyuan of Jiangsu
陳仁齋　廣東　Chen Renzhai of Guangdong
陳貴立　廣東　Chen Guili of Guangdong
黃癡　江蘇　Huang Chi of Jiangsu
程鏞　廣東　Cheng Yong of Guangdong
唐琼永　廣東　Tang Qiongyong of Guangdong
李少林　廣東　Li Shaolin of Guangdong
馮瑞廷　廣東　Feng Ruiting of Guangdong
曾玉書　廣東　Zeng Yushu of Guangdong
唐壽英　廣東　Tang Shouying of Guangdong
鄭啟光　廣東　Zheng Qiguang of Guangdong
張瑞圖　廣東　Zhang Ruitu of Guangdong
張俊廷　廣東　Zhang Junting of Guangdong
徐雲岳　江蘇　Xu Yunyue of Jiangsu
梁子鵬　廣東　Liang Zipeng of Guangdong

–

☉技擊大會操記　劉扆臣
GROUP PRACTICE OF MARTIAL ARTS by Liu Yichen

吾會派員教授之上海各團體。如復旦大學。中華工業學校。東亞體育學校。上海靑年會。澄衷學校。嶺南中學。十三隊童子軍。愛國女學。中國女子體操學校。商務印書館工界靑年勵志會。廣東小學。培德小學。靑年俱樂部。培本小學。廣肇女學。崇德女學等。於每月之第四星期。召集之於本會操場。會操技擊。雖千數百人。以口令指揮之。裕如也。本會教練注意團體操。蓋欲養成一種共同生活之精神。此四圖為會操時與散隊之眞相。
The Jingwu Association sends instructors to various organizations in Shanghai, such as Fudan University, Chinese Industry Technical School, East Asia Athletic School, Shanghai YMCA, Chengzhong Secondary School, Lingnan Secondary School, Boy Scouts 13th Troop, Patriotic Girls’ School, Chinese Women’s Calisthenics School, Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press, Guangdong Primary School, Developing Virtue Primary School, Shanghai Youth Club, Developing Fundamentals Primary School, Guangzhou-Guangdong Girls’ School, Chongde Girls’ School, and so on.
　　During the fourth week of every month, these classes are called together to the Jingwu Association’s sports ground to do group practice of martial arts sets. Even in groups of hundreds or a thousand, they are guided smoothly by the vocal commands of their instructors. The instructors of the Jingwu Association give attention to group practice in order to cultivate a kind of communal spirit. The four photos below give a genuine view of gathering for group practice and later dispersing:

（一）技擊大會操
Martial arts group practice (photo 1):

（二）技擊大會操
Martial arts group practice (photo 2):

（三）技擊大會操
Martial arts group practice (photo 3):

（四）大會操後之散隊
Photo 4 – dispersing after group practice:

–

☉健兒團記　盧煒昌
THE VALIANT WARRIORS CLUB by Lu Weichang

待人以恕。律己以嚴。斯言予聞之稔矣。第奔走半生。物色律己之同志。殆如鳳毛麟角焉。遑論其嚴矣。生平律己以嚴。差堪自信。然往往遇形禁勢格之際。推諉自恕之情。乃發生於不知不覺之間。予於是拂袖而起。曰弗有監察以竟其互相督責之功。雖聖人亦有時而怠其防閑。健兒團之組織。意在斯乎。意在斯乎。
精武會員之鎭日磨礪。誰復敢以怠惰譏之者。然嗜欲餒人。恆沮其奮勵之氣。雨雪載道。益堅其自恕之心。每有習藝頻年。轉瞬卽仍其𦮕靡故習者。爰集衆成團。勤加鍛鍊。俾咸獲温故知新之益。互肩勵勤功錯之責。每日聞鈴紛集。列隊會操。組織未及兼旬。人數有加無已。連日暴露於酷熱陽光中者。汗流浹背。所不顧也。肢體酸楚。非所計也。予半生所難物色之律已同志。一旦竟獲見數十人焉。其快慰感奮為何如。而自律功夫。亦藉此而免一簣之虧。其獲益更不少遜於諸同志也。抑尤有進者。拳術運化。深邃無倫。向藝者畢生鍛鍊。窺其奧而探其髓。亦只博得定點兩字而已。然苟非從基本上痛下功夫。則一生之訓練雖勤。而絲毫無當於實效也。精武會開辦伊始。霍元甲先生手訂課程。常謂非先致力於潭腿以築其初基。不僅難窺藝術之堂奧。而所詣崇華黜實。必難望其勤行罔輟。而克底於成也。當時學者雖韙其言。而心非之者比比也。卒之衆論難違。變通教法。而影響所屆。十年來高等畢業。仍斤斤向學之會員。均當日恪遵霍先生之教。而淬全力於潭腿之會員也。時至今日。拳術之實效已彰。始敢與吾會內各健兒。相見以誠。而力抑其崇華黜實之誤。冀斯術於人心再增一度之貫注。而益神其壽人壽世之妙用。窮其影響所屆。十年后之精武會員。又不知登峯造極。至若何地步也。健兒乎。精武今日之成績。繫於霍先生一言。而他日精武之成績。繫於諸君一身矣。事貴有恆。尤貴奮勉。愿與諸君敬謹識之。
“Be lenient toward other people, strict toward yourself.” This saying [aphorism 168 from Hong Zicheng’s Vegetable Roots Discourse] is something I have harvested much from. I spent half my life looking everywhere for self-disciplined comrades, but they are as rare as phoenix feathers and unicorn horns, never mind those who are strict about it. All my life I have been strict toward myself, and it has given me self-confidence, but I have often found myself in situations that presented me with tremendous obstacles and felt like shifting the blame for my circumstances onto others, unconsciously becoming lost in frustration. It is said that the Buddha had self-control throughout any situation and had the ability to accept all blame onto himself, but even the wisest of men are sometimes negligent about guarding against their emotions. The Valiant Warriors Club was formed with this very idea in mind.
　　Jingwu Association members are self-disciplined all day long. No one would dare to mock them as being lazy. Desires and hunger do not distract them from their spirit of struggle. Rain or snow filling the road only increases their mentality of endurance. They have practiced their skills year after year, the years going by in a flash, and any weariness continues to be pushed aside. Therefore practitioners have now formed a special group to diligently do extra training, intent on obtain even greater benefits from “studying old ways to understand new ways” [Lun Yu, 2.11], and to bear the burdens together of doing hard work.
　　Every day, they hear the bell and gather to line up and form a parade. Over the course of just a couple of weeks, the number of people constantly increased. Day after day, they practice in the hot sunshine, paying no attention to the sweat dripping down their backs, nor fretting about the soreness and ache building up in their bodies. After looking for half my life for any self-disciplined comrades, in one day I unexpectedly found dozens of them. I am delighted and inspired by their hard work, and due to their perfectionism [“not lacking a single bucket of dirt”], the benefits they receive will surpass those of all of their colleagues.
　　Furthermore, the practicing of boxing arts is profound without end, something to be done for a lifetime. Get a taste for its mysteries, but then reach for its essentials, intent only upon that fixed goal. If you do not go through the hard work of training the essentials, then even after a lifetime of practice, you would get no results at all. When the Jingwu Association began, Huo Yuanjia personally designed the curriculum. He often said: “Without first devoting yourself to Tantui for building a foundation, you’ll not only not see any deeper into the art, a case of adoring the pretty and ignoring the reality, it’ll also be hard for you to learn to accept that it takes ceaseless hard work to get there.” Although students have sometimes been in denial about this message, they know in their hearts that it is true. Ultimately the majority has argued against such denial and adopted Huo’s teaching method, his influence still permeating the classes. The high-level graduates who started ten years ago remain members who love to learn and to this day comply with Huo’s teachings, being members who are fully steeped in Tantui.
　　Up to this day, the true effectiveness of training in boxing arts is apparent. Just take a look at the sincerity of the Jingwu Association’s valiant warriors, how they force away the error of adoring what is pretty and ignoring what is real. I hope that these arts will have a continued impact upon popular feeling, for they have the marvelous effects of boosting the spirit and bringing greater longevity to individuals and to the people. So thoroughly does Huo’s influence affect the classes that after ten years, Jingwu Association members still do not know what the highest peak is, nor exactly how to reach it. Nevertheless, valiant warriors, though the current success of the Jingwu Association is due to Huo Yuanjia, future success is our own responsibility. To get things done requires perseverance and determination. I hope you will all take this point seriously.

健兒團之上課圖
Photo of the Valiant Warriors Club during a class:

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☉勵志團緣起　起草者　鄭灼辰　馮蘭皋
ORIGIN OF THE ENCOURAGEMENT CLUB by Zheng Zhuochen & Feng Lan’gao

勵志團為技擊部同人所組織。以規約互相維繫。而策勵團員之向學者也。成立於民國初元。先是會員黃某。自云因受外界之激刺。思欲有以湔除東亞病夫之恥。特約其友馮蘭皋鄭乙藜入會。學習拳術。甫學至潭腿第八路。黃某卽退學去。衆詢其故。曰甚矣憊。今而後知東亞病夫之誚不易除也。聞者嗤之以鼻。陳公哲謂馮鄭曰兩君得毋表同意歟。二人聞而恥之。相與訂約。互相勸勉。以期弗蹈黃某之覆轍。有曠課一次。卽罰洋半金。每日課程。十三套為最少。否則以曠課論。並請陳公哲為公證人。罰款交公證人儲之。一俟積有成數。將以宴請公證。而酬其監督之勞。積數月。彼此履行甚力。核其所罰之款。不滿三金。遂約公哲往四馬路奇芳居晚膳。以踐前諾。其未與會者。莫不仰羨焉。於是乎而有勵志團之組織焉。此卽今日勵志團之初唱也。團例凡曠課一次者。罰洋一餅。如因事。告假須在上午九時以前。逾時卽作輟課論。凡告假者。如預告則須繳費一角。若用電話告假。則照罰款之半。所罰之款。悉充聚宴公費。宴會時不能與會者。亦須預早告假。否則罰與曠課同。又以酒能誤事。亦且傷生。於體育家尤不相宜。故酒亦在禁止之列。有犯之者。罰洋一餅。團員倘一年中未嘗告假。及被罰者。當以團體名義。特製銀牌贈之。若勇於赴學。為團員所公認者。則贈以金牌。並為養成各團員自治能力。俾互相淬勵其精神。以為將來擔當繁劇計。入團者。非但無介紹強逼等例。先須取閱約章。思量三日。自信確能遵守規約者。方准加入。故一時簽名入團者。得十餘人。
The Encouragement Club was formed by colleagues in the martial arts department to be bound together in a vowed agreement in order to better encourage each other to learn. Established in 1912, the first member was a certain Mr. Huang, who said he was irritated at receiving insults from foreigners and wanted to wash off the humiliation of us being the “sick men of Asia”. He also specially invited us, his friends Feng Lan’gao and Zheng Yili [Zhuochen], to join the Jingwu Association and learn boxing arts. But soon after, having only learned as far as the eighth line of Tantui, Mr. Huang himself decided to quit. Many asked him why, to which he said: “I’m completely exhausted. Now I know that the insult of ‘sick men of Asia’ is not so easy to get rid of.” Those who heard him talk this way gave snorts of contempt for the idea. Chen Gongzhe said: “Feng and Zheng don’t agree with you and are embarrassed to hear your words.” We then made a pact to encourage each other, hoping to never follow Mr. Huang’s defeatist attitude.
　　Whenever we missed a single class, we paid a fine. In every class, we practiced at least thirteen sets. Any less and we considered it the same as missing a class, then called upon Chen Gongzhe to make a record of it and accept the same fine. Once our fines had accumulated to a certain amount, we put it toward a dinner party to acknowledge the hard work of our supervisor [Chen]. But after the next several months of getting the very best out of each other, our fines did not amount to more than 3 gold yuan, so we invited Chen Gongzhe for a late meal at a delicious local eatery in order to fulfill the previous promise of another dinner party. Since everyone admires him as much as we do, we thereupon formed the Encouragement Club. Here are the current rules of the club:
　　[1] Anyone who misses a class will pay a fine. If there is a reason for the absence, it has to be given before 9am. Missing the deadline is treated as the same as missing a class.
　　[2] To ask for leave, you must pay 1 jiao in advance. If you ask for leave by phone, then you must pay half a jiao [generously allowing for the expense of the phone call]. Fines will fund the club dinner parties.
　　[3] If you cannot make it to a dinner party, you must ask for leave in advance, otherwise there will be the same penalty as for missing a class.
　　[4] Since alcohol can ruin your training, as well as shorten your life, physical education teachers find it to be particularly inappropriate, and therefore it is on our list of things that are forbidden. Those who succumb to temptation will be fined.
　　[5] Club members who for an entire year have never asked for leave or been fined will be presented with a silver medal with the club name on it. The most valiant member who attends class, being generally recognized by the other members as being so, will be presented with a gold medal for inspiring self-discipline in others in order to rouse their spirit to bear future burdens.
　　[6] To join the club, you not only need a recommendation, you must also first review the club charter and spend three days considering its contents. If after that time you truly feel you can abide by the rules, then you will be allowed to join. Dozens of people have signed up to the club.

勵志團全體
Group photo of the Encouragement Club:

於是宣告成立。隨舉陳公哲為團正。甯竹亭君為會計員。此時馮鄭二人之團體。以勵志團宗旨相同。陳公哲又被舉為團正。於是提議合倂而勵志團員。亦以二人為該團之嚆矢。故亦極意歡迎。繼而音樂部員。亦全體加入。故規約中卽增加音樂部員於聚宴時。須攜帶樂器。以娛團衆。規避者罰與不赴宴同。又以學生於功課之餘閒。來會練習技擊。而能加入本團者頗多。羣謂學生多子弟資格。罰款不可與團員等。始將團員分為普通與學生之兩種。普通之罰款。條例如故。學生半焉。厥後學生之加入者尤衆。斯時已達三十餘人。故每年必有宴會數次。各著名菜館中。皆知有精武式。蓋精武式者。相約赴宴。不後時。筵中不設酒。不為世俗之禮所拘。一以誠意相見。據案大嚼。旣飽而退。曾不恡情去留者也。四年秋。滬上颶颺陡作。飛石走沙。大有折樹摧屋之勢當斯時。會所猶在王家宅舊址。鐵路旱橋。為會衆必經之道。橋旁白鐵圍欄。犬牙相錯。為風力所壓。成尖角形。行走其間。危險異常。加以橋之北堍。多頹舊老屋。房頂上鉛片。時有飛墮之虞。以是行人絕跡。而吾團衆不以是餒其勇氣。而貽後至之譏。故無一缺席者。至於潦水基途暑氣陵鑠更不足畏。民國三年春。精武會。曾舉行考試。以覘各會員之體力。法以兩小時內。令各會員。盡力表演技擊。每一套經教員通過。則給予一籌。以誌其數之多寡。而評定優劣。其結果最優者。均為此團中人。其尤者。能於此兩小時中。表演至五十餘套。非此團者。甚至有練不十餘套。便已氣喘如牛。頹然僵臥矣。團員力行苦學。體力較進。並食慾亦有兼人之量。五年秋。團員全體赴蘇參預滄浪亭西醫學校游藝大會。表演畢。至金閭之酒樓午膳。以善飯聞。其盛飯至八數者。且誚為儉腹。桌上積飯盌如丘阜焉。座客皆集其視線於吾輩。食旣。團員皆奇該樓食品之廉。肆主人曰。吾店大例。殽饌按品索值外。飯則每客三分。故廉也。衆因謝之。主人曰。余業是數十年。善飯如君等者。實不數數覯。苟客皆如君輩。吾其破產矣。君等其廉將軍之流亞乎。其食量之豪。有如此者。
After announcing the founding of the club, we appointed Chen Gongzhe as the club director and Ning Zhuting as the club accountant. At that time, the two of us in our little “club” had in our minds the same purpose for it as each other. But once Chen had been made our director, he suggested that we add more members, that the two of us be the harbinger for a larger club. We then became extremely welcoming to others and absorbed all the members of the music department into the club. We therefore added to the rules that when music was to be played at the dinner parties, the musicians had to bring their own instruments. Having at first thought that simply playing at the banquets exempted them from fines, they now knew that not bringing their own instruments was treated the same as not coming to the banquet at all.
　　There are many school students who use their spare time outside of their schoolwork to come to the Jingwu Association to practice martial arts, and are thus eminently eligible to join this club. Indeed we feel that such students are qualified for special consideration and should not be fined to the same degree as the rest of us, and so we decided to divide members into two types: ordinary members and student members. Fines for ordinary members are the same as above, whereas student members only pay half. Student members joining the club have consequently become especially numerous, now numbering already more than thirty.
　　Every year there will be several dinner parties, each at a famous restaurant. Everyone will know it is a Jingwu affair, because the Jingwu Association brings its rules along instead of leaving them behind, and so there is no alcohol served during the banquet, not to defy common custom, but to show our sincerity. We eat with gusto, but once we have eaten our fill, we depart, and it is not because we are being miserly [about the money that would otherwise be spent on the customary alcohol].
　　In the autumn of 1915, there was a strong typhoon in Shanghai that sent rocks and dirt hurtling through the air. There was a tremendous amount of damage, involving trees getting snapped in half and buildings being smashed. At that time, the Jingwu Association was still located by the railroad overpass in the Wang Family Neighborhood, where there was a path that members had to walk along. Beside this path was a stretch of iron fencing, the tips of which had been twisted by wind pressure, creating a protruding wall of spikes crowding over the path, making it excessively hazardous for anyone to try to walk past them. There were also many ruined old buildings near the north ramp of the bridge, lead plates having been thrown onto the roofs. With so much debris being cast up and dropping down, every pedestrian around ran away to get safely under cover. But the spirit of those in our club was not affected by any of this, earning us many jibes later, for not one of us had become absent throughout, a bit of rain on a hot day not being enough to scare us off.
　　During the spring of 1914, the Jingwu Association had held a competition to assess every member’s physical strength. Over the course of two hours, every member was told to perform their martial arts skills to the very best of their ability. Each set they performed was scrutinized by instructors, who made a tally of the number of sets performed, including a judgment of the quality of performance. They determined that the best performances were all by members within this club, who were able to perform more than fifty sets within those two hours, whereas members who were not in the club were not able to perform more than ten sets and were gasping for breath after even that much and had to lie down and rest. Because club members had put more effort into training hard, their physical strength had progressed faster.
　　Each member also has the appetite of two people. In the autumn of 1916, all club members went to Suzhou to participate in the Canglang Pavilion Western Medical School Athletic Meet. After our performance, we went to have lunch at the Golden Lane Tavern, where we showed what hearty eaters we all are, devouring eight bowls of rice apiece, and being mocked for having such slim bellies while a mountain of bowls piled up on the table, the other customers all staring at us. After finishing, we asked the price. The restaurant owner said: “There’s a rule in my restaurant that when a meal goes beyond the bounds of a banquet, you each get thirty percent off everything.” We all thanked him and then he said: “In all the decades I’ve been in this business, I’ve never seen anyone as good at eating as you guys. But if all my customers were like you, I’d go bankrupt. For such powerful appetites, I declare you all honorary generals.”

蘇州滄浪亭運動後在虎丘攝影
Photo at Tiger Hill after the athletic meet at Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou [Tiger Hill being about four miles to the northwest of the pavilion]:

且團員日衆皆具名譽上之爭競心故受罰者寥寥。得獎銀牌金牌者日增。寗君竹亭卽於四年先得獎金牌者也。五年六年七年此三年間。得獎銀牌者十人。獎金牌者四人。並三年未嘗輟課一次而受特別獎勵者二人。故今團員數逾半百。積一歲之罰金。尚不足以製獎牌之需。團衆之決心毅力有足多焉。餘如以個人之自治能力。與斯團爭勝者。尤不乏人。吾會會員十年來。皆能束身自愛。無粗暴凌人者。以勵志團之力為獨多。於此可見斯團入人之深。感人之厚。他日習為風尚。將必至立懦廉頑。則不僅同人獲益而已也。
Club members also have a reputation for a constant competitive attitude, and therefore they have been receiving fewer and fewer fines while medals are being awarded more and more. In 1914, Ning Zhuting was the first to receive the gold medal. Over the course of the next three years, 1916–1918, the silver medal was awarded to ten people, the gold medal was awarded to four people, and a special award for going three whole years without ever missing a single class was awarded to two people. The club now has more than fifty members, and yet the fines that have accumulated over the course of this last year are not enough to cover the cost of making the next medal, so great has the determination and willpower of all the members become. Due to the self-discipline of each individual, there is no lack of champions in this club.
　　For the last ten years, the members of the Jingwu Association have all exhibited self-control and self-respect, never rude or insulting toward others, and this is in large part due to the influence of the Encouragement Club. It is clear therefore that this club has deeply affected people. Someday its practices will become the prevailing custom, causing cowards to stand tall and turning corrupt people honest, and will thus benefit more than just our colleagues.

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☉紀安步團　金光曜
WALKING CLUB by Jin Guangyao

易曰。天行健。君子以自強不息。吾團之立。蓋有感於古訓也。五年冬。學長鄭灼辰。剏始是團。贊成者僅有黎惠生與光曜兩人。迄今有十餘人焉。團員必於每日侵晨六時有半。集合於虹口之大鐵橋。整隊步行。直赴會所。（計自大橋至會門凡三千九百步。需時三十分。）除星期外。苟非有特別事故。預行請假者。逾時數杪。必科罰如例。其例則計全隊之人數。而每人以銅元六枚為數率。罰金之收入。儲備天雨之日。則全團乘電車至提籃橋。（橋與會之距離為一千三百步。需時十分。）之車資也。故雖際嚴冬。冰天雪地。霜風刺骨之日。亦必準時舉發。曾憶六年冬寒暑表降至十二度。亦無敢規避者。黃氏善祥。一髫齡學子也。自隸團以來。曾未遇罰。歷數年如一日。其立志之沈勇堅毅。有足多者。故頻得本團之獎勵。其餘以一歲不受罰而獲獎者。尤不乏其人云。
It says in the Book of Changes [hexagram 1]: “Just as Nature acts with vigor, a gentleman ceaselessly improves himself.” Our club was formed out of inspiration from this ancient maxim, started in the winter of 1916 by Zheng Zhuochen. At first there were only two members, Li Huisheng and myself, but now there are more than ten. Members must gather every morning at 6:30am at the Hongkou Steel Bridge, where we line up and walk straight to the Jingwu Association (which takes about three thousand nine hundred paces and requires about thirty minutes), except on Sundays and in cases of unforeseen emergency.
　　If someone wishes to cancel in advance but misses the deadline at the end of the month, he then has to pay a fee to the whole group, 6 jiao per person, so that on heavily rainy days the whole group will have the fare to ride the tramcar to the Tilanqiao Neighborhood (the remaining distance then taking about one thousand three hundred paces and requiring about ten minutes).
　　Therefore even during the harshest days of winter, when everything is covered in snow and ice, and bitter wind penetrates right to the bone, members must still be punctual. In the winter of 1917, the temperature dropped to 12°F, and yet we never dare to miss a day. Even Huang Shanxiang, who is still virtually just a boy, has never missed a day since joining the club [and also received a perfect attendance medal in the 1917 Jingwu Graduation Ceremony]. Consistency is a matter of determination, of steadfast willpower. Everyone has more than enough because this club offers encouragement by way of reward. Those who go a whole year without missing a day will win a prize, as many of us have already done.

團員表
List of club members:
鄭灼辰　黎惠生　金光曜　黃善祥　黃漢佳　李國荃　陳仁齋　陳善　譚瑞和　蔡景麟　勞錫藩　程鏡川
Zheng Zhuochen, Li Huisheng, Jin Guangyao, Huang Shanxiang, Huang Hanjia, Li Guoquan, Chen Renzhai, Chen Shan, Tan Ruihe, Cai Jinglin, Lao Xifan, Cheng Jingchuan

（鐵生按。此為步行之正式團員也。然不入此團。而日必步行來去者。尤不乏人。如葛榮先君。卽其一。葛君年逾四旬。寓法租界。而不間寒暑。五時半。卽屹立演武廳前演拳。綜計其每日來往之路程。共二十四里。而從未乘車。數年如一日。強毅哉葛君也。故表而出之。以彰其自治之能力。）
(Note by Chen Tiesheng: These are the formal members of the Walking Club. However, there are plenty of people who walk to and from the Jingwu Association who are not in the club, a prime example being Ge Rongxian. Ge has lived within the French Concession area for more than forty years. Regardless of winter cold or summer heat, he is to be found at 5:30am practicing his boxing sets at the front of the martial practice hall. The distance he covers each day in going to and from the Jingwu Association on foot adds up to altogether about eight miles. He has never taken the tram and is resolute that he never will. Therefore it is surely he who sets the standard for self-discipline in this regard.)

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☉惜陰團紀　陳士超
THE PRECIOUS-TIME CLUB by Chen Shichao

精武會員。日常到會者踵相接。演武廳之人如鯽。沈季修君。商界人也。晨九時。必出而營商業。每苦於日無暇晷。故申戌之交。卽步行到會練習。蓋欲利用此人皆熟睡之時期。得此𨻶地也。如是者亦旣有年。陳鐵生君與沈君為對手練習者。期與沈伍。故亦應時同至。旣而士超等知兩君之獨得此專利時機。乃亦同效兩君之所為。此惜陰團之所由起也。今則無間寒暑。晨光曦微之際。演武廳中。已無𨻶地。陳君嘗懟沈君。謂其洩此祕密。故未能獨享此好辰光云。今則團員日廣。所謂朝氣者非歟。
Members usually congregate at the Jingwu Association members usually congregate at the school at the same time, flooding into the martial arts practice hall like carp. But Shen Jixiu is a businessman. At 9am, he has to go run his business, and from that point on he unfortunately has little free time. While the sun sets, he walks to the Jingwu Association to practice, hoping to use the emptied space while everyone else was on their way home to bed. It went on in that way for him for a few years. Then Chen Tiesheng started meeting with Shen Jixiu to practice two-person sets together [such as Two-Person Sword and Double Sabers Versus Spear]. Since they had similar schedules, it seemed appropriate to come to the school at the same time.
　　I later found out about their opportunistic monopolizing of the space and the results they were achieving together. This became the origin of the “Precious-Time Club”. There is now not a single moment, whether in winter or summer, in which the martial arts practice hall is unoccupied between daybreak and nightfall. Chen was annoyed with Shen for divulging their secret, for they were no longer able to have the space all to themselves during that time. With the club now growing by the day, he has sardonically remarked to him: “Well, instead of meeting after sunset, should we start meeting before dawn?”

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☉精武女子模範團紀略　陳士超
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE JINGWU EXEMPLARY WOMEN TEAM by Chen Shichao

精武女子模範團之設。欲提倡女界體育也。天之生人也。頭同是圓。趾同是方。無稍判別。然任事每讓於男子者。則以女子自甘於承認為體質柔弱。又未講求體育故也。士超初於民國六年。與張湘紋黃畹香周素君張香素陳盧雪英諸女士同創此團。幷強六兄公喆任教授。不半載。學者體力非常進步。由是加入本團者踵趾相接。遂於七年六月。全體會議。定約章。及選舉職員。嚴定賞罰團員踴躍練習。風雨不間而體力之進步。固不讓彼自命昂藏七尺之男兒。孰謂吾女界為天生弱質也。鄙人略涉醫學門徑。前四年常患心悸。自施藥餌。固無寸效。卽徧延泰西名手。亦復徒然。六兄旣以技擊授我。越六月而痼疾若失。黃君畹香。瘁於求學。體質最弱。不敢以風。今則嚴寒且禦夾衣。前後如兩人焉。其大效奇驗若此。有不甘為天生弱質者。盍興乎來。
The aim of establishing the Jingwu Exemplary Women Team was to promote exercise among women. We women are people too. Our heads are just as round and our feet are just as square. But to hold positions that are available to men, we have to be willing to acknowledge that we are physically weaker and not shy away from exercise. In 1917, I, together with Zhang Xiangwen, Huang Wanxiang, Zhou Sujun, Zhang Xiangsu, Lu Xueying (wife of Chen Gongzhe), started this team, and bolstered by “6th brother” Chen Gongzhe, we started giving instruction.
　　After not even half a year, the physical strength of our students dramatically increased and they subsequently joined the team as well. Then in June of 1918, there was a meeting of all Jingwu Association members, involving the drafting of a Jingwu constitution and an election of staff members. Now officially a part of the established guidelines, team members trained even more enthusiastically. Regardless of wind or rain, we progressed until we had convinced the men towering over us that we were no longer weak.
　　I had previously gained some knowledge of medicine. In 1908, I was often inflicted with heart palpitations. I applied my own medicines, but they had no effect at all. I then called upon noteworthy Western physicians, but there was nothing they could do either. Then 6th brother taught me martial arts for just over sixth months and my chronic illness subsequently vanished.
　　Huang Wanxiang had made herself exhausted from schoolwork, becoming so physically weakened that she would not dare go out in the wind. Nowadays [after likewise going through martial arts training] she is tough enough to resist the bitterest cold and is like a completely different person. These are examples of the extraordinary effectiveness of such training and show that we do not need to be resigned to our natural weakness. Why not give a try?

女子模範團
The Exemplary Women Team:

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☉體育相眞　陳鐵生
BUILDING UP THE BODY by Chen Tiesheng

此余四十四歲之攝影也余少而喜事剝蝕過度年未四旬幾至杖而後能起四十三歲盧子煒昌邀余入精武會撰技擊叢刊初謂一手足之烈可以意為之及實地試驗則大謬不然顧余性崛強初不以此中阻遂勉效教員之手舞足蹈不逾年而昔之杖而後起者今且跳擲於槍劍叢中與諸少年相角逐矣精武舊例入會者以三十五歲為限今已破此藩籬兩年來四十歲以上之會員同獲此利益者無藝因留此片影以為確據使後來之中年有志者無自餒也中華民國八年上海精武體育會十年大紀念新會陳鐵生卓枚謝時年四十六歲
In the photo below, I was forty-four years old [1917]. I spent my youth living a life of giddy dissipation and excess. Before I was even forty, I needed a cane in order to stand up. When I was forty-three [1916], Lu Weichang invited me to join the Jingwu Association and help write a series of martial arts books. At first I thought that these exercises for the hands and feet looked too intense, but then the experience of them revealed to me that I was completely mistaken in this notion. Observing myself suddenly developing strength, I decided no longer let myself be held back by such an idea and then worked hard at the movements I was taught. After not even a year since I had been using a cane to stand, I was now jumping, swinging weapons around, and wrestling with young men.
　　When the Jingwu Association opened, the oldest student was only thirty-five, but nowadays the record has long since been broken. During the last couple of years, members in their forties have all received the same unlimited benefit. Let this photo serve as proof of such results so that newcomers who have interest but are already middle-aged need not be discouraged.
　　- written by Chen Tiesheng, called Zhuomei, of Xinhui, in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association, 1919 (and in thanks that I have now made it to forty-six years old)

陳鐵生四十四歲時攝影
Chen Tiesheng at age 44:

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上海本會會員團體教練（潭腿）
Members of the Shanghai Jingwu Association in group practice (practicing Tantui):

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合戰　盧煒昌　陳公哲
Cooperative Fight (performed by Lu Weichang [left] & Chen Gongzhe [right]):

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短戰　鄭灼辰
Performing a posture from Low-Posture Fight (performed by Zheng Zhuochen):

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套拳對手　左鄭灼辰　右甯竹亭
Trapping Boxing (performed by Zheng Zhuochen on the left & Ning Zhuting on the right):

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陳公哲　五金業經理
Chen Gongzhe (a hardware-store owner):

勇猛精進　鐵生題
“Gongzhe is bold and enterprising!” – Chen Tiesheng

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姚蟾伯　顏料業
Yao Chanbo (a figure in the pigment industry):

跋姚君像　邵廷玉
A COMMENT ABOUT YAO by Shao Tingyu

姚君蟾伯。吳人也。人皆以熱心公益稱之。余曰非是。人或以善求學問美之。余曰非是。人又以精於技擊佳之。余曰非是。蓋熱心公益者有人。善求學問者有人。精於技擊者更有人。然則姚君固無一足稱者乎。余曰。唯唯否否。夫以姚君之人之遇而能若此。是非上海式之少年也。余則以其非上海式之少年而五體投地者也。
Yao Chanbo is a Wu person [a term for people from the area of southern Jiangsu / northern Zhejiang, which was part of the Kingdom of Wu in the age of the Three Kingdoms]. Everyone says he is enthusiastic about promoting the public good. But I say not really. People sometimes say he is a good student and loves learning. But I say not really. People also say he is highly skilled at martial arts. But I say not really. Sure there are people who care about the public good, love to learn, and are highly skilled at martial arts, but do any of these things really describe Yao? Well, sort of. If you meet Yao, you are bound to come to these conclusions and feel that they show how much he is not a typical kid from Shanghai. But it is precisely because of how much he is not at all a typical kid from Shanghai that I bow down in admiration. [In other words, these descriptions do not do him justice. He is more than just “cares” about the public good, more than just “loves” learning, and is higher than merely “highly” skilled at martial arts.]

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盧煒昌　五金業經理
Lu Weichang (a hardware-store owner):

世人每誤體質為天賦所限。遂罕有根究其致強之方。十年前鄙人亦羸弱種子也。迨明體育眞理。卽下鍛鍊決心。久鍥勿舍。以有今日。用撮是影以自勵。
丁巳長至日煒昌識
Everyone assumes a physique to be a natural gift and rarely investigate into methods of building strength. Ten years ago [age 24], I was a very thin and weak young man. Then I awakened to the truth of physical education and committed to training my body. After a long period of carving at my form without ever giving up, this is how I look today [age 34], and I make use of photos like this to encourage myself to work harder still.
　　- written by Lu Weichang, summer solstice, 1917

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黃惠龍
Huang Huilong:

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黎惠生　（江海關辦事員）
Li Huisheng (an officer at the Shanghai Customs House):

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串子　（趙連和本會教員）　（鄭灼辰牙科醫生）
“String of Beads” [a two-person set] (performed by Zhao Lianhe [left], a Jingwu instructor, and Zheng Zhuochen [right], a dental surgeon):

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較劍　沈季修　陳鐵生
Sword Sparring (performed by Shen Jixiu [left] & Chen Tiesheng [right]):

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手足交搏　趙連和　趙連城
Hands Versus Feet (performed by Zhao Lianhe [left] & Zhao Liancheng [right]):

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套拳　蔡志栴　黃畹香
Trapping Boxing (performed by Cai Zhizhan [left] & Huang Wanxiang [right]):

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龍爭虎鬭　陳士超　簡偉卿
Fight Between Dragon & Tiger [which also happens to be the Chinese title for Enter the Dragon] (performed by Chen Shichao [left] & Jian Weiqing [right]):

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[The “Leopard-Skin Team” – photo 1:]
盧煒昌　黃漢佳　趙連和　陳鐵生　陳公哲
[standing] Lu Weichang, Huang Hanjia, Zhao Lianhe, Chen Tiesheng, Chen Gongzhe
鄭灼辰　甯竹亭　姚蟾伯
[floor] Zheng Zhuochen, Ning Zhuting, Yao Chanbo

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[The “Leopard-Skin Team” – photo 2:]
黃漢佳　陳鐵生　鄭灼辰
[standing] Huang Hanjia, Chen Tiesheng, Zheng Zhuochen
甯竹亭　盧煒昌　趙連和　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
[floor] Ning Zhuting, Lu Weichang, Zhao Lianhe, Yao Chanbo, Chen Gongzhe

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甯竹亭
Ning Zhuting:

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☉紀袖鑣　程子英
SLEEVE DARTS by Cheng Ziying

袖鑣。古昔所稱為暗器也。自火器行而拳鎗毒炸。乃奪此席。然火器終有失其功用之一日。則此術何可廢也。
Sleeve darts are an ancient hidden weapon. Since the invention of firearms and explosives, this weapon has been pushed out of its place of honor. However, guns at some point run out of bullets, and so it is not wise to abandon this kind of skill.

袖鑣之練習
During a practice session with sleeve darts:

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☉論弓矢　鄭憲成
DISCUSSING ARCHERY by Zheng Xiancheng

射為六藝之一。君子所不廢也。考弓之製。以揉木合角筋為之。矢則剡木為之。弓分兩種。射箭弓輕。練力弓重。射弓重則指力不易開張。練弓輕則體力鮮有進步。普通射弓。約有二三力。每力十觔。練弓約七八力以至十餘力。若岳武穆所謂左右三百。其神臂不可及矣。射法。睨矢使直。矢羽使齊。兩足相距一步。膝對足趾。攤腰落膊。左手執弓。將無名指小指。堅定而握之。大指支鏃。食指傍之。右手大指食指扣弦。目注正鵠。向後撒放。矢直飛前。雖不中。不遠矣。尤以壹志凝神為要。所謂內志正外體直。然後中者此也。夫射以觀德。心平體正。持弓矢審固。發而不中。不怨勝己者。反求諸己而已。呂坤曰。射不中。弓無罪。矢無罪。鵠無罪。皆求己之言也。旣尚力。亦尚德。體德二育。與有關係。會中有練習弓矢之一科。蓋取義於此。
Archery is one of the six classical arts, and was thus something a gentleman could not neglect. The bow is made of supple wood so that the tips can be drawn toward each other, whereas the arrows are made of hard wood. There are two kinds of bows: a light bow for shooting arrows, a heavy bow for developing strength. A heavy shooting bow would not be easy to draw. A light practice bow would not build much strength. An ordinary bow will supply about two or three “efforts”, an “effort” [i.e. the draw weight] being about ten pounds. A practice bow will give a draw weight of about seventy or eighty pounds, or can even go over a hundred. Yue Fei was said to be able to draw three hundred pounds, but such magical arms are not very likely.
　　As for the archery method, looking sideways causes the arrow to shoot straight, and the arrow’s feathers cause it to have greater precision. Your feet are separated by a single stride, your knees in line with your toes. Square your waist [to be facing perpendicular to the target] and lower your arms into position. Your left hand holds the bow with the ring finger and little finger gripping more firmly, the thumb supporting the arrowhead with the forefinger near it. Your right hand’s thumb and forefinger pull back the bowstring. Your gaze is directly toward the bull’s eye [the Chinese word for the center of the target being “swan” as classical archery was used for hunting fowl]. As your hand releases toward the rear, the arrow flies forward. Even if it does not hit the center of the target, it will not be far away from it.
　　It is especially important that you concentrate your attention upon a single goal [that of hitting the center of the target]. It is said [in the Book of Rites, chapter 46 – “The Meaning of Archery”]: “When internally the archer’s intention was correct, externally his body was then properly positioned… and thus he was able to reach the center. The archery ritual was therefore used as a means of examining one’s character… His mind is calm, his body is poised, he holds the bow and arrow with both delicacy and firmness… If he shoots and misses, he does not blame others for their superior skill, instead he seeks to take the fault entirely upon himself.” Lü Kun similarly said [in Words of Whining, chapter 16]: “When the archer misses, the bow is innocent, the arrow is innocent, and the target is innocent,” for he only has himself to blame. We should value strength, but we should also value virtue, for physical and moral cultivation are both related to each other. The Jingwu Association has a course in archery because it embodies such righteousness.

習射
Practicing archery:

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☉復旦公學技擊紀　趙連和
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE FUDAN PUBLIC SCHOOL by Zhao Lianhe

復旦公學。學者數百人。多習技擊。連和忝膺教練。亦旣數載於茲。竊謂人盡如復旦學者。之恆心毅力。則國家之潛勢力。為不可侮矣。
The Fudan Public School has several hundred students, many of whom are learning martial arts. I have received the honor of instructing them, though unworthy of the position, and have been teaching there for several years now. In my humble opinion, as long as people have the perseverance and willpower of the Fudan students, the latent potential of our nation will be something that cannot be sneered at.

上海復旦公學技擊班　教練者趙連和
Martial arts class at the Fudan Public School of Shanghai (Zhao Lianhe instructing):

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☉中華工業專門學校技擊紀略　趙連和
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE CHINESE INDUSTRY TECHNICAL SCHOOL by Zhao Lianhe

中華工業專門學校。原稱中華鐵路學校。學子數百。向延吾會中人教練技擊。前之教授為李占風君。李君奉派他往。以連和承乏者數年連和武夫。自慚淺陋。然學者諸君。皆勇猛精進。一日千里。此勤學之效驗也。連和何有焉。
Chinese Industry Technical School, originally called Chinese Railroad School, has several hundred students. The school requested a martial arts instructor from the Jingwu Association. The first instructor sent was Li Zhanfeng, but when he was later assigned to a position elsewhere, I was given his place, though quite unworthy to fill his shoes, and have been teaching there for several years now. Though I am ashamed by the low level of my own skill, the students have all been perfect gentlemen to me, performing their movements with boldness and energy, and making great progress [“traveling hundreds of miles in a day”], proving the effects of diligent study. I have had no difficulty in teaching them.

中華工業專門學校授課圖（舊名中華鐵路學校）
Photos of the lessons at Chinese Industry Technical School (previously called the Chinese Railroad School):

（一）（全體）（潭腿第二路）
Photo 1 – The entire class performing the second line of Tantui:

（二）（選手）少林拳之摘星式
Photo 2 – Select students demonstrating the Shaolin Boxing posture of Plucking the Stars:

（三）中華鐵路學校　技擊部撮影　民國五年六月
Photo 3 (Portrait of the martial arts class when the school was still called the Chinese Railroad School – June, 1916):

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☉東亞體育學校技擊班　姚蟾伯
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE EAST ASIA ATHLETIC SCHOOL by Yao Chanbo

體育學校。運動門類雖繁。然以技擊為重要。且諸生卽將來各普通學校之執教鞭者也。吾見諸生皆能於技擊。鍥而不舍。此良見象也。惟願諸生將來亦能無負初志。斯得之矣。
In an athletic school, there are many kinds of exercise, but a martial arts class is the most important, for the students may grow up to become teachers themselves in ordinary schools. I have found that all of the students have ability in martial arts. They work hard without giving up, which is an excellent trait to see. Therefore this training is also a means of getting students into a habit of not letting go of their ambitions.

上海東亞體育學校技擊教練　教授者姚蟾伯趙連城葉書田
Martial arts class at the East Asia Athletic School of Shanghai (Yao Chanbo, Zhao Liancheng, and Ye Shutian instructing):

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☉松江江蘇省立第三中學校技擊紀　陳鐵生
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT JIANGSU 3rd PROVINCIAL SECONDARY SCHOOL, SONGJIANG DISTRICT by Chen Tiesheng

中學有技擊一門。得風氣之先者。松江之江蘇省立第三中學也。吾會前教員張君富猷任教習者數年。學生於技擊最注意。故松江之高小校。泰半有是。其感人者深矣。
The first secondary school to have a martial arts class was Jiangsu 3rd Provincial Secondary School, Songjiang District, and the first instructor from the Jingwu Association to guide the class was Zhang Fuyou. He has held the post for several years now and the students in the class pay strong attention to him. More than half of the higher primary schools in Songjiang District now have similar classes, showing how deeply he has affected people.

松江第三中學技擊圖　教員張富猷
Photo of the martial arts class at the 3rd Secondary School, Songjiang District (instructed by Zhang Fuyou):

江蘇省立第三中學校運動會攝影二　潭腿二路
Photo of an athletic meet at the Jiangsu 3rd Provincial Secondary School, performing the 2nd line of Tantui

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☉紀澄衷學校技擊課　趙連和
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE CHENGZHONG SECONDARY SCHOOL by Zhao Lianhe

澄衷學制最嚴。不事敷衍。學生尤能振奮。故自添設技擊課程以來。學生以謂未足。更相約立技擊團。於正課之外加功焉。連和身兼數校。亦勉狥其意。撥冗任教。遇忙則以予仲連城承乏。不使曠課。故澄衷學生諸君之進步。出人意外。以有是團也。
Chengzhong Secondary School is very strict, no frivolity, but the students are nevertheless extremely enthusiastic. When a martial arts class was added to the curriculum, they said it was not enough, and so we went further and established a martial arts team to train additional skills beyond the regular classes. I was already teaching in several schools at the same time, but I forced myself to submit to their ambitions and find the extra time. When I eventually became too busy, I was no longer worthy for the task, and so I gave the responsibility to my brother Zhao Liancheng, who has since never once missed a class. The students of Chengzhong Secondary School have exceeded all expectations with the progress of their team.

澄衷學校之技擊團　教員趙連和
Martial arts team of Chengzhong Secondary School (instructed by Zhao Lianhe):

中華民國七年冬季澄衷中學校技擊團全體撮影
Group photo of the martial arts team of Chengzhong Secondary School – winter, 1918

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☉嶺南中學技擊紀　黃維慶
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE LINGNAN SECONDARY SCHOOL by Huang Weiqing

嶺南中學為畢業美國農林科碩士張君鴻勛所組織。學生多粵人尤注意於體育。民國六年。增設技擊一門。維慶昔與陳公哲趙連城同任教練。今則與姚蟾伯陳善馮蘭皋分任之。數年來諸學子皆銳志向學。故成績頗有可觀也。
The Lingnan Secondary School was founded by Zhang Hongxun, who received a degree in farming and forestry in the United States. As the students are mostly Cantonese, they have a particular interest in physical education, and so a martial arts class was added to the curriculum in 1917. At that time, Huang Weiqing, Chen Gongzhe, and Zhao Liancheng taught the class together. Now the instruction is shared between Yao Chanbo, Chen Shan, and Feng Lan’gao. Over these years, the students have all shown great determination for the material, and thus they have had remarkable results.

上海嶺南中學上課圖　教授者姚蟾伯黃維慶陳善馮蘭皋
Photo of the class at the Lingnan Secondary School of Shanghai (instructed by Yao Chanbo, Huang Weiqing, Chen Shan, and Feng Lan’gao):

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☉靑年會之技擊班　黃漢佳
THE MARTIAL ARTS CLASS AT THE YMCA by Huang Hanjia

靑年會有健身房。各種運動咸備其技擊一門。吾會員盧煒昌翁耀衡與漢佳同任義務教授。此其最近之攝影也。
Because the YMCA has a gymnasium, their variety of exercise has prepared them for a martial arts class. Jingwu Association members Lu Weichang, Weng Yaoheng, and Huang Hanjia fulfill the teaching duties together. Below is the most recent photo.

上海靑年會技擊班　教授者盧煒昌翁耀衡黃漢佳
Martial arts class of the Shanghai YMCA (instructed by Lu Weichang [front row, center], Weng Yaoheng [right of Lu], Huang Hanjia [left of Lu]):

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☉紀工界靑年勵志會　黎惠生
THE ENCOURAGING-THE-WORKERS’-CHILDREN ASSOCIATION by Li Huisheng

工界靑年勵志會。為上海商務印書館工業同人於民國二年四月六日所發起。初僅六十餘人。監督為鮑君咸昌。會長為沈君冶生。副會長為陳君蒓馥。地址在寶山路寶興西里。七年會員達四百三十餘人。國文西文夜學咸備。是年。惠生忝任技擊義務教授。其任長江派拳術教授者。為郁君鼎銘。今年春。更擴張會舍。舉凡體育部雜誌部臨池部兵操部書報室講壇絲竹課。罔不萃於會中。所謂社會教育。正當游藝者近是。工界發達。此其始基乎。
The Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association is for the employees of the Commercial Press of Shanghai. It was founded on April 6, 1913, and there was just over sixty students in the beginning. It is superintended by Bao Xianchang, the president is Shen Yesheng, and the vice president is Chen Chunfu. It is located on the Baoshan Road, in the western part of the Baoxing Neighborhood. By 1918, membership rose to more than four hundred thirty students, and both Chinese and English language night classes were made available.
　　This year, Li Huisheng has served as martial arts instructor. He learned the Yangtze River branch of boxing arts from Yu Dingming. In the spring of this year, there was an expansion of the school’s dormitory space, as well as its physical education department, journalism department, calligraphy department, army drill department, library, auditorium, music room, in fact every part of the school. It is said that social education is based in artistic skills. For industry to flourish, here lies the foundation.

（一）商務印書館之工界靑年勵志會
Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press (photo 1):

工界靑年勵志會體育部拳術科全體攝影
Group photo of the martial arts class for the physical education department of the Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association

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（二）商務印書館工界靑年勵志會團體教練　教授者黎惠生
Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press (photo 2) – group practice (instructed by Li Huisheng):

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☉愛國女學紀　甯竹亭
THE PATRIOTIC GIRLS’ SCHOOL by Ning Zhuting

愛國女學。有體操專科。盧煒昌與不佞。忝任技擊教練者數載於茲。民國五年六年之江蘇全省中校聯合運動會。女校運動。皆以愛國列首。七年遂以愛國列為模範校。不許與諸女校較。然則愛國諸女生之能力爭上游。殊可喜也。吾聞蔡孑民先生曾在愛國校演說。謂諸般運動。可入隨意科。而技擊則當列必要科云。愛國女學。今日猶不忘此教訓也。
The Patriotic Girls’ School specializes in physical education. Lu Weichang and I have served as martial arts instructors there for several years. In the 1916 & 1917 Jiangsu Province All-Schools Athletic Meet, the Patriotic Girls’ School won first place out all of the girls’ schools. In 1918, it was held up as an exemplary school, not just among girls’ schools. All of the girls of this school are able to aim for the highest standards, for which I am very proud of them indeed. I heard that Cai Yuanpei once gave a speech there in which he said that of the many exercise courses to choose from, a course in martial arts was indispensable. To this day, the students of the Patriotic Girls’ School seem to have never forgotten this lesson.

愛國女學學生之攝影（脫戰）　教授者寧竹亭與盧煒昌
Photo of students at the Patriotic Girls’ School (performing Escaping-Techniques Fight) (instructed by Ning Zhuting and Lu Weichang):

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☉上海廣東小學記　浦闊亭
THE GUANGDONG PRIMARY SCHOOL OF SHANGHAI by Pu Kuoting

上海廣東小學之拳術班。為鄭灼辰姚蟾伯陳公哲所教授者已數年於此。各團體會操。能以髫齡奪錦標。後生誠可畏也。卽以選手論。得優等獎者有五人焉。以云成績。不其偉歟。
The martial arts class at the Guangdong Primary School of Shanghai has been taught by Zheng Zhuochen, Yao Chanbo, and Chen Gongzhe for several years now. They have brought together each of the groups they oversee for a children’s competition, earning the respect of older students. Five champions were chosen from among the kids. Their success has been a great achievement.

本會教授廣東小學學生攝影
Photos of instruction being given at Guangdong Primary School:

（一）（男女學生年齡由七歲至十五歲）會員姚蟾伯鄭灼辰陳公哲教授
Photo 1 – Teaching both boys and girls, ages seven to fifteen, are Jingwu Associations Zheng Zhuochen, Yao Chanbo, Chen Gongzhe:

（二）
Photo 2:

廣東小學女生之對手拳術　（三）（左黃振球）（右羅素樞）
Photo 3 – Girls at Guangdong Primary School performing a two-person set (Huang Zhenqiu on the left, Luo Sushu on the right):

（四）上海廣東小學技擊班之得本會獎品者　鄧繼傳　黃振球　郭棣　羅素樞　梁官濂
Photo 4 – Prizewinners of the martial arts club of the Guangdong Primary School of Shanghai ([left to right] Deng Jichuan, Huang Zhenqiu, Guo Di, Luo Sushu, Liang Guanlian):

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☉靑年俱樂部誌　姚蟾伯
THE SHANGHAI YOUTH CLUB by Yao Chanbo

靑年血氣未定。一入歧趨。遂至不可收拾。善夫靑年俱樂部之組織也。斯部雖有種種游藝。而以拳術為主科。盧煒昌任教者數年。其中如何杰卿黎湛泉等。尤為刻苦自勵。故吾精武於七年舉行畢業。准予靑年俱樂部會員之程度及格者。一例給以精武畢業證書。示策勵也。
Young people are full of energy but have short attention spans, and this makes them rather uncontrollable. Some charitable gentlemen thus formed the Shanghai Youth Club. The club offers all sorts of recreational activities, but first priority is given to martial arts. Lu Weichang has been instructing there for several years. Among his students are He Jieqing and Li Zhanquan, who are especially hardworking and enthusiastic, and therefore had a place in the 1918 Jingwu Graduation Ceremony [graduating at the beginner level], equal opportunity being given to members of the Shanghai Youth Club who pass a certain standard. They were awarded with the same Jingwu diplomas that are given to other Jingwu students, thereby setting an example to motivate the other kids at the Youth Club.

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☉培德兩等學校紀　霍東閣
THE DEVELOPING VIRTUE PRIMARY SCHOOL by Huo Dongge

培德校長盧君頌虔。教員余君文厚。皆嫻武術。故校中尤重視技擊。初任教授者為李蓮村君。盧煒昌君。旣而李君調粵。乃以鄙人濫竽。而盧君實董其成。學者七十餘生。皆能勇往不倦。可喜也。
The school’s principal Lu Songqian and teacher Yu Wenhou are both skilled at martial arts, and so within the school there is particular importance attached to its martial arts program. The first instructors were Li Liancun and Lu Weichang, but Li was later transferred to Guangdong and I was then sent to fill his place, though Lu is the one who is really in charge. There are more than seventy students and they all dive into the material tirelessly, which is gratifying indeed.

上海培德學校技擊圖　教練者盧煒昌霍東閣
Martial arts team of the Developing Virtue Primary School of Shanghai (instructed by Lu Weichang & Huo Dongge):

培德學校拳術選手　民國七年
Selected students of Developing Virtue Primary School performing boxing arts, 1918

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☉紀培本小學　黎惠生
THE DEVELOPING FUNDAMENTALS PRIMARY SCHOOL by Li Huisheng

七年。培本小學校長。有增設技擊課之舉。本會派惠生承乏。亦旣有年而學生於此道。尤視為最有興味之功課。其體力亦能與年俱進。技擊之功用。誠不可思擬也。
In 1918, the principal of the Developing Fundamentals Primary School decided to add a martial arts class to the curriculum. Though I have been teaching this class, I am really quite unworthy for the task, for there are already others in the Jingwu Association who have been training for years longer than myself, who seem to me to be even more enthusiastic about the material than I am, whose physical strength is years in advance of mine, and whose martial skill is not to be doubted.

培本小學　教授者黎惠生與王松齡
Class at the Developing Fundamentals Primary School (instructed by Li Huisheng and Wang Songling):

中華培本小學校技擊部教員學生民國八年元旦攝影
Photo of the teachers and students of the martial arts class at the Chinese Developing Fundamentals Primary School – New Year’s Day, 1919

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☉崇德女校體育科記　陶志超
THE CHONGDE GIRLS’ SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSE by Tao Zhichao

吾校剏辦。已越十有四年。惟體育一科。尚付缺如。今春。同學咸擬增設此科。謬舉不才。俾充主任。不學如予。深懼隕越。乃請精武女子模範團主任。陳君士超。擔任技擊教授。畢業愛國女校體育專科簡君玉鵬。為各種運動教授。雖僅及一學期。而成績已大著。將來效果。詎可限量歟。
Our school was established more than fourteen years ago, but it lacked a physical education course. In the spring of this year, the students all decided it was time to have one. It would have been absurd for me to teach such a course and I feared that someone as ignorant as myself on the subject would fail at it miserably. Therefore I sent for the director of the Jingwu Exemplary Women Team, Chen Shichao, to take charge of martial arts instruction, and a graduate of the Patriotic Girls’ School who specializes in physical education, Jian Yupeng [Weiqing], to teach various other kinds of exercise. Although there has so far only been one semester of these classes, the results have been incredible, and the potential for future success seems boundless.

上海崇德女學技擊班　教授者陳士超
The martial arts class of the Chongde Girls’ School of Shanghai (instructed by Chen Shichao):

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中國體操學校授課圖　昔之教授者盧煒昌
Photo of lessons at the Chinese Calisthenics School (instructed by Lu Weichang):

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吳淞水產學校教授技擊圖　昔之教員李蓮村
Photo of martial arts lessons at the Wusong Fishery School (instructed by Li Liancun):

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南洋女子師範學校授課圖
Photo of lessons at the Nanyang Women’s Normal School:

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吾道其南　劉扆臣教授　攝於蒙自
“Our ways are now in the south.” – instructor Liu Yichen (photo taken in Mengzi, Yunnan):

雲南蒙自箇碧鐵路公司柔術部
The Soft Arts Club of Gebi Railroad Company in Mengzi, Yunnan

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☉評判松江運動會紀　陳鐵生
JUDGING AT THE SONGJIANG DISTRICT ATHLETIC MEET by Chen Tiesheng

八年夏。歸自珠江。承會衆命。與趙師連和。赴松江評判縣立各校運動。時任省立第三中學技擊教授者。為吾會前教員張富猷君。故下榻是閒。翌晨八時。偕趙師赴運動場。是日奇熱。而參預運動之數十校學生。無不神采飛揚奕奕有生氣焉。節目固各種運動皆備。而吾輩所充任者。評判技擊。故只注意於此門。各校多有肄習技擊者。尤以吾同派為夥。予輩評判以縣立第一男高小列首。而第一女高小副之。男校技擊教員為張富猷。女校技擊教員為上海愛國女學第五期畢業生張英穀。男校程度深。故刀槍劍戟。無不嫻習。且張富猷亦長於技擊。男校冠首。曾無足異。所異者。女校只有半年程度。且技擊節目。只有三種。乃三種皆得最優分數。鐵生因下判詞曰。男校當首列。然使女校若有同等之節目者。正不知錦標誰屬也。倘以向來天生男女不平等之讏言證之。當令吾輩鬚眉失色矣。曾聞煒昌語我曰。六年之省立學校運動。女校技擊。以愛國為首。七年亦如之。八年則提愛國為模範校。不許與角。亦榮矣哉。不意此次之松江運動。男女校混合比賽。而愛國女學生所教授之女生。乃幾於壓倒男校焉。平等乎不平等乎。女子者。國民之母也。虎母必無犬子。可喜莫逾於此。聞歐俗以有劍瘢者為美男子。吾亦曰。我輩當。以能奪技擊錦標者為美女子。彼短袴距地二尺。衣飾必求艷冶。嬝嬝而迎風欲墜者。母夜叉也。因記松江評判。有感而書此。
In the summer of 1919, I returned from the Pearl River area and was ordered along with Zhao Lianhe to attend the Songjiang Athletic Meet, a county-wide athletic meet involving various schools. At that time, the martial arts instructor at the Jiangsu 3rd Provincial Secondary School was a former instructor for the Jingwu Association, Zhang Fuyou, and therefore we stayed at his home. The next morning at 8am, Zhao and I went to the sports ground. Being a very hot day, the participating students from dozens of schools were all in high spirits, full of energy and enthusiasm.
　　There were a great many athletic events on the program, but we held the position of judges for martial arts specifically, and therefore we only focused on those events. Many of these schools offer martial arts courses, most of them practicing material from the Jingwu Association. We determined first place winners in the higher primary school levels [i.e. kids aged roughly 10–12] for both boys divisions and girls divisions. The martial arts instructor representing the boys’ schools was Zhang Fuyou. The martial arts instructor representing the girls’ schools was Zhang Yinggu, a graduate from the 5th year of the Patriotic Girls’ School of Shanghai.
　　The boys’ schools were already at a deeper level of training, skillful at everything from saber to spear, sword, and halberd. Added to that is the fact that Zhang Fuyou is himself excellent at martial arts, and so for the boys divisions to be awarded as the overall winners over the girls divisions was not surprising. What did surprise us was the high standard exhibited by the students from the participating girls’ schools, who had so far had only half a year of training. There were only three types of martial arts events [presumably boxing sets, weapons sets, two-person sets], and thus it was only a matter of winning the best of three [the girls’ schools so far having only worked on basic boxing sets]. Due to this situation, I judged that of course the boys divisions would be the overall winners, but if the girls had been trained to an equal level, I truly cannot say who would have won this title.
　　When speaking of the innate differences between men and women, it has become fashionable for us men to blush. Lu Weichang once told me: “In the 1917 Provincial Schools Athletic Meet, the Patriotic Girls’ School achieved 1st place out of all of the martial arts programs in girls’ schools. They did so again in 1918. By 1919, they were held up as the model example and were considered unbeatable, which was glorious. But this time in the Songjiang Athletic Meet, the boys and girls divisions were unexpectedly merged together, and thus what the girls of the Patriotic Girls’ School had been taught was completely outclassed by what the boys had learned. So is this a matter of equality or inequality? Well, girls will be the mothers of the people, and a tiger mother will not raise dog sons [a twist on “a tiger father will not raise dog sons” from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, chapter 83]. And so I am delighted that this is how it is being done this time. I’ve heard that Europeans have customarily felt that sword scars make a man more handsome.”
　　I chimed in: “We are in agreement. Being able to win martial arts competitions makes a woman more beautiful. But women who are instead only concerned with wearing short skirts, adorning themselves to be as pretty as possible, and looking so delicate that the wind might knock them over are little more than vixens.” Looking back on the Songjiang competition has moved me to write this message down.

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☉武術
AN EXAMPLE OF OUR MARTIAL ARTS:

▲十字戰　陳鐵生　演武者趙連和
Cross-Shaped Fight (by Chen Tiesheng, performed by Zhao Lianhe)

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☉出版紀略　陳鐵生
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF OUR PUBLICATIONS by Chen Tiesheng

余五年入精武會。八月撰潭腿第一路。登於上海商務印書館學生雜誌第三卷第八號之技擊叢刊欄。圖像由陳公哲用新式快鏡攝出。以存其眞。是為精武會以技擊術撰著成書。公諸國內之第一次。後遂按號刊登。至今不輟。計有潭腿。達摩劍。五虎槍。合戰。棍譜之五種。其全書殺靑。而另印單行本者。兩種。（潭腿、達摩劍、）另編潭腿十二路掛圖一幅。以上三種。全由商務印書館發行。
I joined the Jingwu Association in [June of] 1916. By August I had written instructive text for the first line of Tantui, which was then published in The Students’ Magazine, run by Commercial Press of Shanghai, in Vol. 3, Issue #8 [Aug, 1916], as part of a series of martial arts articles. The photographs were by Chen Gongzhe, made using a new kind of rapid shutter technique to get a truer image. This was the first time the Jingwu Association composed martial arts material to be shared throughout the nation. We then published further material in successive issues and have continued to do so to this day. These serializations have included Tantui, Damo Sword, Fifth Tiger’s Spear, Cooperative Fight, and Practical Staff Methods for the Boy Scouts. These five series have since been compiled into complete books and published as individual volumes. Two volumes (Tantui and Damo Sword) as well as the Twelve-Line Tantui wall-hanging, were all published by Commercial Press.

本會技擊叢刋之兩種　第一種達摩劍　第二種潭腿
Two volumes from the Jingwu Association’s Martial Arts Collection (Volume 1: Damo Sword / Volume 2: Tantui):

簡明潭脮攝影（四幅之一）
Tantui in a concise series of photographs (one of four parts [showing lines 8–12]):

詳細之潭腿全圖　潭腿十二路全圖
A complete view of Tantui in detail [as drawings rather than photographs] (“A Complete Chart of Twelve-Line Tantui”):

七年。公哲復集各種歷史畫。編列成册。顏曰精武。更以其平生醉心之攝影學。自撰測光捷徑一册。
In 1918, Chen Gongzhe then gathered together a variety of images about our history and arranged them into a booklet with “Jingwu” written on the cover. He also made use of his lifelong obsession with photography by writing a booklet called Shortcuts for Calculating Exposure.

本會之出版書（精武〔民國七年〕）與（〔攝學〕測光捷徑）
Books published by the Jingwu Association itself (Jingwu [1918] and Photography: Shortcuts for Calculating Exposure):

八年春。鐵生與煒昌公哲蟾伯等至粵。開辦廣東精武會。旣返上海。卽以公哲在粵攝得之影片為底本。與煒昌公同起草。撰成報告書一册。此本會出版物之大略也。近有外國人出版物。而言我中華技擊術者三種。一為單行本。其名曰兩手相搏術。西文曰。（Hand-to-Hand Fighting Personal Defense）報紙兩册。是用吾國空手入白刃法。及貫交術。以訓練其軍警。吾道已西。碧眼兒又能識寶。今日不自研究。吾懼卅年而後。我輩子孫。須至歐西聘請中國拳術教員矣。
In the spring of 1919, Lu Weichang, Chen Gongzhe, Yao Chanbo, together with myself and others, went to Guangdong to open the Guangdong Jingwu Association. Upon returning to Shanghai, Chen Gongzhe was then sent back to Guangdong to make film recordings of the Jingwu Association for posterity [which ironically seem to have been lost], and Lu Weichang and I produced a booklet giving a comprehensive report on the whole process [which takes up the bulk of Part Twelve].
　　Above is merely a general outline of the publishing endeavors of the Jingwu Association. Recently there have also been three foreign publications that discuss our Chinese martial arts [which do not actually explicitly say any variation of “Chinese martial arts” and only casually mention “jiu-jitsu”], one being an individual volume called Hand-to-Hand Fighting – A System of Personal Defense for the Soldier [by Arthur Elmer Marriott (camp physical director, Army YMCA, Camp Sevier, South Carolina), published by the Macmillan Company of New York, Jan, 1918], and two issues from a magazine [Popular Science Monthly] in which they use our nation’s methods of empty-hand versus bladed weapons, as well as our throwing techniques, for training soldiers and police officers. Our ways are already recognized by the blue-eyed Westerners as being a treasure, but our own people are not studying them. I fear that in a few years our children will have to invite Westerners to teach them Chinese boxing arts.

美國人出版之吾華技擊術書（Hand-to-Hand Fighting Personal Defense）
An American publication based on our Chinese martial arts techniques ([the actual title being] Hand-to-Hand Fighting – A System of Personal Defense for the Soldier):

[The image shows the book open to pages 32 & 33, which are provided below in a closer view:]

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外人以吾國之空手入白刃法教其軍士
Foreigners using our nation’s methods of empty-hand versus bladed weapons for training soldiers:

[This image is of Popular Science Monthly (headquartered at 225 West 39th St, New York City), Vol. 92, Issue #6, June, 1918, open to pages 808 & 809, shown below:]

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外人以吾華技擊教其警察
Foreigners using our Chinese martial arts for training police officers:

[This image is of Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 93, Issue #1, July, 1918, open to pages 14 & 15, shown below:]

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彼自命為中華民國最新式人物之反對拳術者。有三種謬誤心理。
Those who describe themselves as China’s most recent opposers of boxing arts have three kinds of false notions:
一則未嘗學問。誤以拳術與義和團為同科。
1. Utterly uninformed, they assume that boxing arts have something to do with the Boxer Rebellion.
二則以為從前之所謂梁山泊的人物。卽今之技擊家。吾試問諸君亦食飯乎。得毋曰梁山泊人物食飯。吾輩不可食飯耶。
2. They assume that the old-fashioned characters of the Mt. Liang marshlands [i.e. the characters of The Water Margin] are the model for modern martial arts masters. I have asked these people if those characters ate food. All I got was: “How dare you suggest that the Mt. Liang characters ate food!” To which I said: “Is it all right if we [modern teachers] eat food?”
三則感於軍閥之專橫。以為凡有武字氣味者。皆同類也。
3. They feel that the imperiousness of warlords is carried through in the word “martial” and that martial artists are therefore all basically the same as warlords.
諸君大誤矣。一言以蔽之曰。拳術者中國式之體操而已。
But the greatest of their errors is their flippant summation of these arts: “These boxing arts are just the Chinese version of calisthenics.”

本會最初之印刷品　盧煒昌誤為羅煒昌
The Jingwu Association’s first printed material (in which Lu Weichang’s name is mistakenly written as “Luo”):

中國精武體操學校募捐啟
“The China Jingwu Calisthenics School is Now Seeking Donations”

蓋聞楚令尹毀家紓難宗社厲懷陶桓公運甓習勞光陰競惜値中原之多故慨我生兮不辰紅羊白馬刦運頻來美雨歐風潮流激刺念天下之興亡雖匹夫其有責率尩羸以應敵直飼虎而驅羊除非木石誰乏腦筋不少金剛會須鍛鍊此霍元甲先生欲雪東方病夫之誚所由與同志組成中國精武體操學校也開幕以來同堂日衆執干戈以衞社稷挽天河而洗甲兵濟弱扶傾匪異人任臥薪嘗胆舍我其誰乃大道多魔竟有鴆人叔子而心喪共服何堪立雪程門漢將軍霍去病之不起壞却萬里長城劉朱虛趙充國之猶存不妨重新壁壘惟欲造斯皇之多士必興廣厦之千間此校舍之建築尤萬不容緩者也顧大輅椎輪不事鋪張揚厲而空拳赤手終雖無米為炊用是駭汗狂奔大呼將伯共擎合力尚賴仁人或金券之頻頒或珠囊兮慨解多固益善少亦無妨如蒙大力維持熱心贊助俾校舍早日落成武術從茲發達霍先生固啣結於九原同人等亦馨香而萬禱謹弁小啟翹企鴻施渥荷玉成還祈金諾
中國精武體操會全體會員仝啟再損欵由虹口武昌路廣志學堂本會會稽員羅君煒昌經收不誤又啟
Sunshu Ao gave all he had, enduring hardship for the sake of the State of Chu [in devoting himself to the task of building a dam that would create a reservoir for agricultural irrigation]. Tao Kan moved bricks [a hundred bricks a day to keep fit], habitually laboring in preparation to retake the Central Plains. Alas, we too live in troubled times. We could make a sacrificial offering of every red sheep and white horse, but fate just keeps coming. Western cultural influence has flooded over us, and now the rise or fall of our nation depends on the ordinary person. We have become too weak to deal with enemies, and so it is time to raise tigers, not sheep. The indifferent need to be made to care. Many Arhats need to be trained.
　　Huo Yuanjia wished to eliminate the cause of why we are called the “sick men of Asia”. Therefore he and his colleagues formed the China Jingwu Calisthenics School. Since it opened, membership has constantly increased. We will “take up arms to defend the nation” [quoting from Book of Rites, chapter 4], “then and divert the Sky River [i.e. the Milky Way] to wash off our armor” [paraphrasing from the final lines of “Washing Weapons & Horses” by Du Fu. We will aid the weak and support the weary, because we cannot expect anyone else to do it. We will toughen ourselves for future trials, for if we cannot handle them, then who?
　　The path ahead has many demons in the way, with people who really will poison others [subverting the line from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, chapter 120: “Yang Hu would not poison anyone.”] But if we think of giving up, we will all fail, and that would be unbearable. He must honor the teacher and live up to his teaching [“stand in the snow outside of Cheng Yi’s door”]. Our great leader Huo died of illness [in 1910]. However, the Great Wall remained standing because men like Marquis Liu Zhang and General Zhao Chongguo were able to replenish the ramparts with more troops. In order for the great man to produce many other great men, we first need to build a large space for them to grow in. Let us brook no delay in the construction of a new building. [This is presumably referring to the typhoon damage that wrecked the building in the summer of 1915 and the consequent need for a new location, and since the earlier name of the Jingwu Association is being used, not formally changed until the spring of 1916, this likely dates this document at sometime within mid/late 1915].
　　A grand carriage begins with a plain frame. We are now as empty-handed as a man without rice for cooking, and therefore we sweat with anxiety, running around madly, hollering for any assistance in pooling resources, relying on compassionate people. We will take anything, from gilded bills to bags of pearls. A lot would help greatly, but even a little would help a lot. Whatever we receive, we will put it to good use right away, for all enthusiastic support will help complete the new building that much sooner, and then our martial arts can flourish once more. Huo now resides in the cemetery. For him we have burned incense, solemnly made ten thousand prays, and are making this small announcement in hopes of great achievement. To help us succeed, we beg your pledge.
　　- Sincerely, the members of the China Jingwu Calisthenics Association (Donations can be sent to the Expanding-Ambitions School on Wuchang Road, Hongkou District of Shanghai. The Jingwu Association’s examinations officer, Luo Weichang, will gather the funds and not let any be misspent.) Again we entreat you…

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☉武庫　陳鐵生
SELECTIONS FROM OUR MARTIAL ARTS LIBRARY by Chen Tiesheng

十年來。武術復振。關於斯道之著述日夥。故列表於册。以備檢查。間或略加商榷。然時人著述。仍復不置可否。蓋謂今日正在萌蘖時代。未能語於別擇也。
For the last ten years, martial arts have been getting revived thanks to writings on the subject being increasingly produced. Below is a list of books to be examined, in which I make an occasional comment but for the most part give no opinion on the writings of my contemporaries. This is because this process is currently in its infancy, and so it is too early to make judgments.

（一）少林宗法
1. Authentic Shaolin Methods
此為盧煒昌得於山西友人者。幷有圖像一册。（現存行篋中）民國前一年。余任上海天鐸報編輯時。曾撰鐵羅漢寶相一卷。詳述朝元派拳術之動作法。（報紙紀載拳術之動作法者此為嚆矢）旣而武漢事將起。余遂無復執筆之暇晷。乃以煒昌所贈之少林宗法。備載於鐵羅漢寶相中。惜當時天鐸報困於阿堵。未能將圖像刊登耳。近頃上海中華書局出版之少林拳術祕訣。卽此書也。惟略有同異。（中華出版者無圖）觀是卷之圖像手法。純是廣東之洪拳。（諺云出於少林寺之洪熙官然眞偽不可攷矣）但雖有圖像而無可學步。只可視為拳術中之夏鼎商彝耳。
Obtained by Lu Weichang from a friend in Shanxi, this [handwritten] manuscript includes a series of [a hundred eighty-one] drawings (and is currently sitting in his suitcase). In 1911, I was appointed as editor of Shanghai’s Heavenly Clarion Newspaper [which had been founded just the year before], where I was producing a volume on the “Iron Luohan Statues”, describing the earliest boxing arts movements. (This was the harbinger of newspapers publishing depictions of boxing arts movements.) Once the Revolution started in Wuhan, I no longer had any extra time to work on this. Lu Weichang then presented me with Authentic Shaolin Methods and suggested it be published alongside the Iron Luohan material. Unfortunately the Heavenly Clarion at that time was beset with difficulties [ceasing operations in 1913], and so we could not publish it within the newspaper.
　　Recently, Shanghai’s Zhonghua Book Company [which was founded by a former manager of Commercial Press] published Secrets of the Shaolin Boxing Arts [1915]. This book had only slight differences from ours (such as their publication not containing the drawings) [as well as containing an extra five chapters]. Examining these drawings of techniques, they are entirely comprised of Hong Family Boxing from Guangdong. (There is a saying: “It all comes from Hong Xiguan of the Shaolin Temple.” But whether or not this is true cannot be verified.) Despite having these drawings, they do not really give a coherent pattern of movements anyway, and so they can only be treated as nothing more than “Xia Dynasty cauldrons and Shang Dynasty wine vessels” [objects used in ancient sacrificial rituals with commemorative inscriptions carved onto them, i.e. interesting antiques]. [Authentic Shaolin Methods, with its drawings and eight chapters, would eventually be published in 1923.]

（二）少林棍法闡宗
2. Explanations of Authentic Shaolin Staff Methods [by 程宗猷 Cheng Zongyou]
此卷是明版書。由上海尚文書局影印者。不特古香古色。而且夾議夾敍。令人有迹可尋。是眞技擊界中之鴻寶也。鐵生目中所見之技擊載籍。當以此為巨擘。
This is a photographic reprint of a Ming Dynasty publication, made by Cherishing Literature Press of Shanghai. It therefore lacks the look or smell of an old book, but the discussion and prefaces crammed within it reveal its age. It is a monument within the martial arts world and I consider it to be the definitive martial arts book.

（三）劍法眞傳
3. Authentic Sword Methods
上海六藝仁記書局出版。四川宋仔鳳著。前淸光緒末年影印。
Published by the Arts & Benevolence Press of Shanghai [1912], written by Song Zifeng of Sichuan in the last year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu [1908]

（四）拳術精華
4. The Essence of Boxing Arts [by 顏殿雄 Yan Dianxiong]
香港體育書社出版。此為廣東派之拳術。
Published by Hong Kong Physical Education Press [1916]. This book is representative of the Guangdong styles of boxing arts.

（五）中華新武術
5. China’s New Martial Arts [by 馬良 Ma Liang]
商務印書館出版分拳脚率角兩科。尚未出全。
Published by Commercial Press. So far there are two volumes, one on boxing, one on wrestling, but the entire set is not yet complete [with staff and sword volumes to come out the following year].

（六）易筋經
6. Yijinjing [“Sinew Changing Classic”]
坊間多有。卷各不同。莫辨眞贋。惟中多載藥方。且有鄰於採補者。不食馬肝。未為不知味也。
There are many different versions of this in bookshops, and so it is hard to distinguish which ones are authentic. They often include medicinal recipes or strange supplementary advice such as: “When people refrain from eating horse liver, it is not because they do not like it.” [This is a quote from Books of Han, volume 88, bio of Yuan Gu, from a time when it was mistakenly thought that horse liver was poisonous.]

（七）劍經拳經長槍牌筅
7. Sword Classic, Boxing Classic, Long Spear, Rattan Shield & Wolf Rake
俱載紀效新書中。著者為有明一代儒將。敵人畏之如虎。其武術自非凡品。惜言之不詳。
These are all chapters from New Book of Effective Methods [chapters 10–12, 14] by that scholarly Ming Dynasty general [Qi Jiquang], who his enemies feared as being like a tiger. He produced extraordinary martial arts materials, but unfortunately his explanations are not very detailed.

（八）拳術
8. Boxing Arts [by 向愷然 Xiang Kairan]
中華書局本。此為湖南派。
Published [Dec, 1916] by Zhonghua Book Company. This book is representative of the Hunan styles of martial arts.

（九）拳術學教科書
9. A Textbook for the Study of Boxing Arts [by 徐愚忻 Xu Yuxin]
中華圖書館本。此為長江流域派。
Published by the Chinese Library Foundation [1913, and in its 5th printing by the spring of 1919]. This book is representative of the martial arts styles from the area of the Yangzte River Basin.

（十）潭腿十路
10. Ten-Line Tantui
南京高等師範學校體育研究會會刊中之一卷。與吾精武所傳者有異。
Published within the Nanjing Advanced Normal School’s Physical Education Research Journal, this is a different version of Tantui than what is taught by our Jingwu Association [which taught the twelve-line version].

（十一）五行連環拳譜合璧
11. A Combined Volume: Five Elements Manual / Continuous Boxing Manual [by 李存義 Li Cunyi & 杜之堂 Du Zhitang]
天津武士會出版。
Published by the Warriors Association of Tianjin.

（十二）西洋拳術
12. Western Boxing Arts [a translation by 陳霆銳 Chen Tingrui]
中華書局出版。此為泰西拳術。
Published [July, 1917] by Zhonghua Book Company. This book is about the boxing arts of the West.

（十三）日本柔術
13. Japanese Jujitsu [a translation by 徐卓呆 Xu Zhuodai]
中華書局本。此為日本柔術。然只北派貫交之緒餘耳。旣出於藍。豈能遂勝於藍。
Published by Zhonghua Book Company [May, 1917]. Japanese Jujitsu is simply a remnant of our northern styles of wrestling. So how is it that it can defeat what it comes from?

（十四）石頭拳術祕訣
14. Secrets of the Stone Fist Art [by 郭粹亞 Guo Cuiya & 金一明 Jin Yiming]
中華書局本。
Published by Zhonghua Book Company [Feb, 1918].

（十五）女子拳法
15. Boxing Methods for Women [by 朱鴻壽 Zhu Hongshou]
中華書局本。長江派。
Published by Zhonghua Book Company [1917]. This book is representative of the Yangtze River styles of martial arts.

（十六）拳藝學初步
16. Basics of Learning Boxing Arts [by 朱鴻壽 Zhu Hongshou]
商務印書館本。此為長江派。
Published by Commercial Press [Sep 9, 1912 (and by 1918 had gone through seven printings)]. This book is representative of the Yangtze River styles of martial arts.

（十七）拳藝學進階
17. Next Level of Learning Boxing Arts [by 朱鴻壽 Zhu Hongshou]
同上。
Same as above [published 1915].

（十八）實驗拳法講義
18. Teaching Materials for Continued Experimentation in Boxing Methods [by 朱鴻壽 Zhu Hongshou]
中華書局本。長江派。
Published by Zhonghua Book Company [1917], this book is representative of the Yangtze River styles of martial arts.

（十九）拳術學教範
19. Boxing Arts Study Manual [by 陸師凱 Lu Shikai]
商務印書館版。中有大刀雙刀單刀板櫈之使用法。非專言拳術也。此是長江派。
Published by Commercial Press [1917]. It also contains application methods for a variety of weapons, such as the large saber, double sabers, single saber, and wooden bench, and therefore does not focus only on discussing boxing arts. This book is representative of the Yangtze River styles of martial arts.

（二十）北拳彙編
20. Compilation of Northern Boxing Arts
商務印書館版。實在只得潭腿接潭腿兩種。
Published by Commercial Press, this book actually only demonstrates Tantui and Two-Person Tantui.

（二十一）潭腿圖說
21. Illustrated Handbook for Tantui [by 胡健 Hu Jian, postures performed by 何光銑 He Guangxian, drawings by 徐悲鴻 Xu Beihong]
中華圖書館本。
published by Chinese Library Foundation [May, 1917].

（二十二）雙人潭腿
22. Two-Person Tantui [by 吳志青 Wu Zhiqing & 王懷琪 Wang Huaiqi]
同上。卽接潭腿。
Published by Chinese Library Foundation [Sep, 1919]. This book demonstrates an interactive version of Tantui.

（二十三）達摩劍
23. Damo Sword
此為本會技擊叢刊之第一種。曾載商務印書館之學生雜誌中。今已印單行本。仍由商務印書館發行。
This is Vol. 1 of our Martial Arts Collection. Previously published in The Students’ Magazine, run by Commercial Press, it has now been published as a separate volume, again by Commercial Press.

（二十四）潭腿
24. Tantui
此為本會技擊叢刊之第二種。前數年分登學生雜誌中。今已印單行本。且三版矣。由商務印書館發行。此書有吳稚暉汪精衞兩先生序文。各一篇。且有盧煒昌撰之八年來技擊拉雜譚。多中肯語。凡我會員。不可不讀。
This is Vol. 2 of our Martial Arts Collection. Published in serialized form several years ago in The Students’ Magazine, it has now been published as a separate volume by Commercial Press, and is in fact in its third printing. The book contains prefaces written by both Wu Zhihui and Wang Jingwei, as well as a postscript by Lu Weichang called “Rambling Discussions on the State of Boxing Arts Over the Last Eight Years” which is filled with pertinent words that the members of our Association should all read.

（二十五）潭腿十二路掛圖
25. Twelve-Line Tantui wall-hanging
商務印書館出版。余以潭腿教授法未能劃一。故依式作圖。以示眞象。幾經會議。方決定也。
Published by Commercial Press. I felt that since methods of teaching Tantui had not yet been standardized, there ought to be a blueprint to be relied upon which demonstrates the authentic version. After many meetings, we finally settled upon a standard method.

（二十六）五虎槍
26. Fifth Tiger’s Spear
此為本會技擊叢刊之第三種。已登於學生雜誌。（容當另刊單行本）五虎槍為槍中之精華。吾會員當知之。
This will be Vol. 3 of our Martial Arts Collection, already published within The Students’ Magazine (and will soon be published as a separate volume). Fifth Tiger’s Spear is the very best among spear sets. Our members all have to know it.

（二十七）合戰
27. Cooperative Fight
此為本會技擊叢刊之第四種。分登於學生雜誌。由第五卷第六號起。至六卷九號止。此套係對手拳中之最多手法者。鐵生自奉本會命令。編輯技擊叢刊以來。自問最注意者亦惟此套。吾願讀者。勿以鐵生文字不能達出其奧妙而遂忽視之。且學生雜誌。印刷急速。故圖像多不明瞭。當於印單行本時。力求淸晰。
This will be Vol. 4 of our Martial Arts Collection. It was serialized in The Students’ Magazine from Vol. 5, Issue #6 [June, 1918] to Vol. 6, Issue #9 [Sep, 1919]. This set contains the most techniques of our two-person sets, therefore ever since I started presenting the Jingwu Association’s instructions by compiling them into our Martial Arts Collection, I had come to the conclusion that this set deserves the most attention. I can only hope that readers will not find my text to be incapable of conveying the subtleties of the techniques and end up dismissing it altogether. Furthermore, The Students’ Magazine is printed very rapidly, thus the photos were often not as clear as they ought to be. When it is published as a separate volume, we will try to exhibit the photos at a higher quality.

（二十八）童子軍實用棍譜
28. Practical Staff Methods for the Boy Scouts
本會編。載學生雜誌第六卷十號。此為技擊叢刊之第五種。
Published in The Students’ Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue #10 [Oct, 1919]. This material will be Vol. 5 of our Martial Arts Collection.

（二十九）十字戰
29. Cross-Shaped Fight
載本紀。此為技擊叢刊之第六種。
This will be Vol. 6 of our Martial Arts Collection. It is already featured within this book.

（三十）函授拳術科講義
30. Boxing Arts Correspondence Course Teaching Materials
此係函授偵探拳術會出版。用眞筆版印。係長江派。今已停止。
Published by the “Spying into Boxing Arts” Association, these volumes are a series of handwritten materials about the Yangtze River styles of boxing arts, though the correspondence course itself is no longer operational.

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[Continue to Part Four.]

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